Improved Understanding of Past Climatic Variability from Early Daily European Instrumental Sources

Improved Understanding of Past Climatic Variability from Early Daily European Instrumental Sources Guest Editorial.- I History and Correction of Long Temperature Series.- History of the Long Series of Daily Air Temperature in Padova (1725–1998).- Corrections of Systematic Errors and Data Homogenisation in the Daily Temperature Padova Series (1725–1998).- Daily Milan Temperature and Pressure Series (1763–1998): History of the Observations and Data and Metadata Recovery.- Daily Milan Temperature and Pressure Series (1763–1998): Completing and Homogenising the Data.- Daily Meteorological Observations in Cádiz — San Fernando. Analysis of the Documentary Sources and the Instrumental Data Content (1786–1996).- Daily Air Temperature and Pressure Series for Stockholm (1756–1998).- Daily Air Temperature and Pressure Series for Uppsala (1722–1998).- The Daily Temperature Record for St. Petersburg (1743–1996).- The Long-Term Daily Central Belgium Temperature (CBT) Series (1767–1998) and Early Instrumental Meteorological Observations in Belgium.- II Typical Problems with Early Thermometers and Measuring Times.- Calibration and Instrumental Errors in Early Measurements of Air Temperature.- Errors in Early Temperature Series Arising from Changes in Style of Measuring Time, Sampling Schedule and Number of Observations.- III Trends in Extreme Temperatures.- Trends of Extreme Temperatures in Europe and China Based on Daily Observations.