Crusading Peace

Tomaz Mastnak is Director of Research at the Institute of Philosophy of the Center for Scientific Research at the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts in Ljubljana.

Acknowledgments 1. From Holy Peace to Holy War The Peace of God and the Truce of God The Peacemaking Church: From Prohibiting War to Directing the Use of Arms No More Shedding of Christian Blood 2. The Holy Manner of Warfare Just War, Holy War, the Crusade Holy Wars before the Crusades Transformation of the Church's Attitude toward War 3. Christendom and the Crusade The First Western Union: A Common Front against the Pagans Making the Muslim the Enemy The Christian Offensive: Essalcier Sainte Crestiente The Papal Monarchy and the Crusade 4. Monks, Philosophers, and Warrior Monks Sanctification of Crime: St. Bernard of Clairvaux The Infidels Are Unreasonable and Therefore Not Human: Peter the Venerable Ordeal by Fire: St. Francis of Assisi The Scientific Crusade: Roger Bacon The Infidel's Conscience is Inviolable but Not His Life: St. Thomas Aquinas One Language, One Creed, One Faith: Ramon Lull 5. The Fall of the Papal Monarchy and the Rise of Territorial Power Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV of France Resacralization of Kingship and the Law of Necessity The Universalism of Territorial Power: French Dominion of the World 6. Imperialists, Separatists, and Crusaders Vindications of the Empire Refutation of Universal Rule The Crusade Spirit: Still "the Will of God" Works Cited Index