Immunoassays in Coagulation Testing

1. Basic Concepts in Coagulation.- Hemostasis.- Vasoconstriction.- Prostaglandins and Platelet Aggregation.- Coagulation Cascade.- Fibrinolysis.- Serine Protease Inhibitors.- 2. Pathophysiology of Coagulation Disorders.- Hemophilia-A.- Hemophilia-B (Christmas Disease).- von Willebrand’s Disease (vWd).- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC).- Platelet Function Defects.- Hypercoagulability.- Laboratory Testing.- Conclusions.- 3. Basic Concepts in Clinical Immunology.- Antigens (Immunogens).- Antigenic Determinant Sites.- Antibodies.- Antigen Binding Sites.- Structure.- Antibody Specificity.- Monoclonal Antibodies.- 4. Review of Immunologic Techniques.- Radial Immunodiffusion (RID).- Electroimmunodiffusion (EID).- Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP).- Turbidimetric Immunoassay (TIA).- Nephelometric Immunoassay (NIA).- Radioimmunoassay (RIA).- Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA).- Fluoroimmunoassay (FIA).- Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).- Thin Layer Immunoassay (TLIA).- Particle Counting Immunoassay (PACIA).- Latex Agglutination Test.- Clinical Considerations.- Selected Bibliography.- 5. Procedure for Immunoassays.- Proteins of the Coagulation System.- Proteins of the Fibrinolytic System.- Serine Protease Inhibitors.- Platelet Specific Proteins.- 6. Immunotechniques in Coagulation Research.- Double Immunodiffusion.- Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis.- Antibody Neutralization Assay.- Radioimmunoassay.- Immunoadsorption.- Conclusions.- 7. Quality Control.- Immunologic Reagents.- Standard Preparation.- Internal Standard.- Units of Concentration.- Procedure.- Quality Control Charts.- 8. Future Outlook.- Conclusions.- 9. Appendix A. Techniques in Antibody Production.- Antigen Purification.- Isolation of AT-III.- Isolation of Plasminogen.- Protein Determination.-Immunization.- Preparation of Antiserum.- FITC-labeling of Antibodies.- 10. Appendix B. Blood Collecting Techniques.- Double Syringe Method.- Vacutainer Method.- 11. Appendix C. Buffers and Stains.- Phosphate Buffer.- Veronal, Barbital, or Barbitone Buffer.- Veronal Acetate Buffer pH 5.6–8.3.- Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS).- 0.05 M Tris Buffer pH 7.2–8.6.- Stains.- Coomassie Blue.- Amido Black.- Azocarmine B.- Nigrosin.- Sudan Black B.- Destaining Solution.- Appendix D. Normal Ranges of Coagulation Proteins in Plasma.- Appendix E. Manufacturers of Immunologic Reagents and Equipment.- North American Region.- European Region.- Appendix F. Glossary of Terms.- References.