Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) (eBook)
302 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-052929-5 (ISBN)
This book detailing the use of CREAM is, therefore, both timely and useful.
It presents an error taxonomy which integrates individual, technological and organizational factors based on cognitive engineering principles. In addition to the necessary theoretical foundation, it provides a step-by-step description of how the taxonomy can be applied to analyse as well as predict performance using a context-dependent cognitive model.
CREAM can be used as a second-generation human reliability analysis (HRA) approach in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), as a stand-alone method for accident analysis and as part of a larger design method for interactive systems. In particular, the use of CREAM will enable system designers and risk analysts to:
&bull, identify tasks that require human cognition and therefore depend on cognitive reliability
&bull, determine the conditions where cognitive reliability and ensuing risk may be reduced
&bull, provide an appraisal of the consequences of human performance on system safety which can be used in PSA.
The growing dependence of working environments on complex technology has created many challenges and lead to a large number of accidents. Although the quality of organization and management within the work environment plays an important role in these accidents, the significance of individual human action (as a direct cause and as a mitigating factor) is undeniable. This has created a need for new, integrated approaches to accident analysis and risk assessment.This book detailing the use of CREAM is, therefore, both timely and useful. It presents an error taxonomy which integrates individual, technological and organizational factors based on cognitive engineering principles. In addition to the necessary theoretical foundation, it provides a step-by-step description of how the taxonomy can be applied to analyse as well as predict performance using a context-dependent cognitive model.CREAM can be used as a second-generation human reliability analysis (HRA) approach in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), as a stand-alone method for accident analysis and as part of a larger design method for interactive systems. In particular, the use of CREAM will enable system designers and risk analysts to: * identify tasks that require human cognition and therefore depend on cognitive reliability * determine the conditions where cognitive reliability and ensuing risk may be reduced * provide an appraisal of the consequences of human performance on system safety which can be used in PSA.
Front Cover 1
Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method Cream 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Foreword 14
A Fable 14
Acknowledgements 15
Chapter 1. The State of Human Reliability Analysis 16
1. INTRODUCTION 16
2. SHORTCOMINGS OF FIRST-GENERATION HRA 24
3. COGNITIVE RELIABILITY AND ERROR ANALYSIS METHOD 30
4. BACKGROUND OF THE BOOK 33
Chapter 2. The Need of HRA 37
1. THE UBIQUITY OF ERRONEOUS ACTIONS 37
2. THE ROLE OF HRA IN PSA 46
3. THE MODELLING OF ERRONEOUS ACTIONS 57
4. CHAPTER SUMMARY 65
Chapter 3. The Conceptual Impuissance 67
1. THE CLASSIFICATION OF ERRONEOUS ACTIONS 67
2. TRADITIONAL HUMAN FACTORS APPROACHES 69
3. INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACHES 74
4. THE COGNITIVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE 86
5. EVALUATION 88
6. THE SCHISM BETWEEN HRA AND PSYCHOLOGY 90
7. CHAPTER SUMMARY 96
Chapter 4. A Conceptual Framework 98
1. INTRODUCTION 98
2. THE NEED TO PREDICT 99
3. METHOD, CLASSIFICATION, MODEL 101
4. MODELLING OF COGNITION 107
5. STANDARD CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES 115
6. PERFORMANCE SHAPING FACTORS AND COMMON PERFORMANCE CONDITIONS 122
7. CHAPTER SUMMARY 132
Chapter 5. HRA - The First Generation 135
1. RELIABILITY AND SAFETY ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC PROCESS SYSTEMS 135
2. FIRST-GENERATION HRA APPROACHES 137
3. CONCLUSIONS 151
4. HRA AND COGNITION: EXTENSIONS 155
5. CHAPTER SUMMARY 165
Chapter 6. Cream - A Second Generation HRA Method 166
1. PRINCIPLES OF CREAM 166
2. MODELS OF COGNITION 168
3. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 172
4. CLASSIFICATION GROUPS 176
5. LINKS BETWEEN CLASSIFICATION GROUPS 191
6. CHAPTER SUMMARY 204
Chapter 7. The Search for Causes: Retrospective Analysis 206
1. ANALYSIS AND STOP RULES 206
2. OVERALL METHOD 213
3. EXAMPLE OF RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS 222
4. CHAPTER SUMMARY 229
Chapter 8. Qualitative Performance Prediction 231
1. PRINCIPLES OF PERFORMANCE PREDICTION 231
2. PREDICTIVE USE OF THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 238
3. PRINCIPLES OF QUALITATIVE PERFORMANCE PREDICTION 244
4. CHAPTER SUMMARY 247
Chapter 9. The Quantification of Predictions 249
1. CREAM- BASIC METHOD 249
2. CREAM BASIC METHOD: AN EXAMPLE 257
3. CREAM- EXTENDED METHOD 260
4. EXTENDED CREAM METHOD: AN EXAMPLE 270
5. CHAPTER SUMMARY 275
References 277
Index 291
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 23.1.1998 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie |
| Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie | |
| Informatik ► Software Entwicklung ► User Interfaces (HCI) | |
| Technik ► Maschinenbau | |
| Wirtschaft | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-052929-1 / 0080529291 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-052929-5 / 9780080529295 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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