International Review of Neurobiology (eBook)

Fornt Cover 1
International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 38 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Chapter 1. Regulation of GABAA Receptor Function and Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System 10
I. Introduction: The Structure and Function of GABAA/Benzodiazepine Receptors 10
II. Multiple Mechanisms of GABAA/Benzodiazepine Receptor Regulation 12
III. Benzodiazepine Regulation of GABAA Receptor Binding and Function 15
IV. Barbiturate Regulation of GABAA Receptor Function and Expression 18
V. Ethonol Regulotion of GABAA Receptor Function and Expression 22
VI. Endogenous Neurosteroid Regulation of GABAA Receptors 33
VII. Developmental Alterations in GABAA Receptor Expression 37
VIII. Alterations in Receptor Subunit Composition: A Novel Mechanism of Regulation of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels 41
IX. Conclusions: New Breakthroughs, New Questions 42
References 43
Chapter 2. Genetics and the Organization of the Basal Ganglia 52
I. Introduction 52
II. Genetic Strategies 53
III. Genetics and Behaviors Related to the Basal Ganglia 58
IV. Genetics and the Functional Architecture of the Basal Ganglia 71
V. Conclusions 95
References 95
Chapter 3. Structure and Pharmacology of Vertebrate GABAA Receptor Subtypes 104
I. Introduction to the GABAA Receptor 104
II. Diversity of the GABAA Receptor Gene Family 105
III. Phosphorylation of GABAA Receptors 111
IV. The Composition of GABAA Receptors in Vivo 114
V. Drug Binding Sites on the GABAA Receptor 122
VI. Conclusion 134
References 135
Chapter 4. Neurotransmitter Transporters: Molecular Biology, Function, and Regulation 148
I. Introduction 148
II. Molecular Biology of Transporters 152
III. Shared Structural Features 174
IV. Regulation of Transporters 179
V. Ionic Requirements 189
VI. Transmitter Efflux 193
VII. Transporter Localization 195
VIII. Transporter Heterogeneity 198
IX. Future Directions 199
References 201
Chapter 5. Presynaptic Excitability 210
I. Introduction 210
II. Motor Nerve Terminals 212
III. Squid Synapse 220
IV. Posterior Pituitary 226
V. Ciliary Ganglion 241
VI. Goldfish Retina Bipolar Cells 244
VII. Honorable Mention 248
VIII. Summary and Conclusions 249
References 252
Chapter 6. Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Invertebrates and Vertebrates: An Examination of the Diverse Enzymatic Pathways Utilized to Synthesize and Inactivate Biogenic Amines 262
I. Introduction 262
II. A Critical Review of Methods Used for the Analysis of Catecholamines, Indoleamines, Their Metabolites, and Related Enzymes in Biological Tissues 265
III. Distribution of Monoamines in Invertebrates and Vertebrates 268
IV. Synthesis of Monoamines in Invertebrates and Vertebrates 273
V. Storage, Release, and Reuptake of Monoamines 278
VI. Catabolism of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Invertebrates and Vertebrates 279
VII. Conclusions 297
References 299
Chapter 7. Neurotransmitter Systems in Schizophrenia 314
I. Introduction 314
II. Etiology: Generic and Environmental 316
III. Neuropathology 317
IV. Neurochemistry of Schizophrenia 318
V. Dopamine 321
VI. Acetylcholine 328
VII. 5-Hydroxytryptamine 329
VIII. Noradrenergic Systems 332
IX. GABA 333
X. Neuropeptide Systems 335
XI. Glutamate Systems 337
XII. Conclusions 341
References 343
Chapter 8. Physiology of Bergmann Glial Cells 350
I. Introduction 350
II. Morphology 351
III. Gap Junctions 352
IV. Ion Channels 355
V. Neurotransmitter Receptors 358
VI. Ion Exchangers 366
VII. Transmitter Uptake 366
VIII. Summary 368
References 368
Index 372
Contents of Recent Volumes 380