Reason, Spirit and the Sacral in the New Enlightenment (eBook)

Acknowledgements 6
Table of Contents 7
Introduction 9
1. The Aporias of Rationality 9
2. The Logos of Life as The Filum Ariadnae of The Ontopoietic Continuity of Beingness 11
3. Logos and The New Enlightenment 13
Notes 14
Section One 16
Reason, Intellect, and Consciousness in Islamic Thought 17
1. The Conscious Self 19
2. Knowledge 22
3. The Unity of The Real 23
4. Human Nature 25
5. The Return 26
6. The Path 28
7. Seeing by Means of God 30
8. Illumination with the Divine Light 32
9. Finding the True Self 34
10. Witnessing the Real 37
Notes 38
Differentiation of the Logos 42
1. A New Critique of Reason 42
2. Lived Experience as Resource 45
2.1 The Human Existence Within the Unity-of-Everything-is-Alive 45
2.2 The Human Creative Condition Within the Unity-of-Everything-is-Alive 48
3. The Great Metamorphosis of The Ontopoietic Logos of Life 50
Notes 53
On the Harmony of Spirituality and Rational Wisdom According to the Opus RasaIil Ihwan As-safa: A Path to Overcome the Crisis in Sciences 56
1. Historical and cultural context 57
2. On the Connectivity of Sciences 58
3. Knowledge and tolerance 59
4. The Unfolding of Life 61
5. Macrocosm and Microcosm 63
6. Universalism 65
Notes 67
References 71
Section Two 73
In the Name of God, The Compassionate, The Merciful: Reason and Spirit 74
1. Introduction 74
1.1 Reason 75
1.2 Spirit 77
1.3 Reason-Spirit Relation 79
2. Mulla Sadra's Theory 81
Notes 83
Logos Differentiating Reason and Spirit in the Phenomenology of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka 85
Part 1 86
Part 2 89
Part 3 92
Reference 93
Spiritual Paradigm as Origin of the Life's Capacity in the Sadraian Philosophy 94
Notes 106
Sources 107
The Holy Quran 107
Section Three 109
Reason and Spirit in the Thought of Edmund Husserl, St. Thomas Aquinas, and A.-T. Tymieniecka: Some Complementarities and Supplementations 110
1. Introduction 110
2. Spirit and Reason in Husserls Ideas 111
2.1 The Scope of the Spiritual According to Husserl 113
2.2 Reason in Relation to Spirit According to Husserl 114
3. Spirit and Reason in St. Thomas Aquinas Thought 116
3.1 The Methods and Kinds of Reason in the Thought of St. Thomas Aquinas 117
3.2 Intellect in Relation to Spirit According to St. Thomas Aquinas 120
4. Spirit and Reason in A.-T. Tymienieckas Thought 122
4.1 Tymienieckas Logoic Expansion of Reason 123
4.2 The Anti-logos of the Spiritual 125
5. Conclusions 129
5.1 Homologies and Heterologies Between the Ideas of Husserl, Thomas, and Tymieniecka on Reason and Spirit 129
5.2 How the Ideas of Thomas and Tymieniecka Supplement and Complement Husserls Ideas on Reason and Spirit 130
Notes 133
Bibliography of Works Cited 135
Reason and Spirit in Al-Biruni's Philosophy of Mathematics 136
1. Introduction 136
2. Mathematical Structure of the Universe 137
3. The Presence of Numbers and Geometry 138
4. How Mathematical Aspects of Nature are Knowable 140
5. Mathematical Abstraction by the Internal Senses 142
6. Conclusion 143
Notes 144
References 145
Reason and Spirit 146
Notes 153
Section Four 154
The Debate About God's Simplicity: Reason and Spirit in the Eighth Discussion of Al-Ghazali's Tahafut Al-falasifa and IBN Rushd's Tahafut At-Tahafut 155
1. Preface 155
2. The Eighth Discussion 156
3. The Discussion's Basis 157
4. Al-Ghazali's First Objection 158
5. IBN Rushd's Reply 159
6. IBN Sina's Theory of Necessary and Potential Existence 161
7. The Theoretical Background to Al-Ghazali's Line of Argument 163
8. IBN Rushd's Base of Argumentation 166
9. Al-Ghazali's Second Objection 169
10. IBN Rushd's Reply to the Second Line of Argument 170
11. Reflection of The Second Objection and Its Reply 171
12. Conclusion 174
Notes 175
References 180
Phenomenological Dialectics on Reason and Spirit: Rational Discourses and Spiritual Inspirations 182
Notes 189
The Mystical Poetry of Shibl 191
References 199
Name Index 200