Introduction to Logic

Irving M. Copi was a philosopher and logician. He taught at the University of Illinois, the United States Air Force Academy, Princeton University, and the Georgetown University Logic Institute, before teaching logic at the University of Michigan, 1958-69, and at the University of Hawaii, 1969-90. His other works include Essentials of Logic, Informal Logic, and Symbolic Logic. Carl Cohen is Professor of Philosophy at the Residential College of the University of Michigan. He has published many essays in moral and political philosophy in philosophical, medical, and legal journals. He has served as a member of the Medical School faculty of the University of Michigan, and as Chairman of the University of Michigan faculty, where he has been an active member of the philosophy faculty since 1955. His other works include The Animal Rights Debate (2001), with Prof. Tom Regan; he is also the author of Democracy (1972); the author of Four Systems (1982); the editor of Communism, Fascism, and Democracy (1997); the co-author (with J. Sterba) of Affirmative Action and Racial Preference (2003) Kenneth D. McMahon studied physics, philosophy, and English Literature as an undergraduate, then took graduate degrees in psychology and philosophy. He has taught critical thinking, philosophy, statistics, and psychology, and currently teaches logic for Hawaii Pacific University. His professional interests include logic, epistemology, philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind, as well as cognitive science, psychometrics, computational theories of mind, and evolutionary psychology.

Foreward


Preface


Acknowledgments


PART I LOGIC AND LAGUAGE


SECTION A REASONING


Chapter 1 Basic Logical Concepts


Chapter 2 Analyzing Arguments


SECTION B INFORMAL LOGIC


Chapter 3 Language and Definitions


Chapter 4 Fallacies


Part II Deduction


Section A Classical Logic


Chapter 5 Categorical Propositions


Chapter 6 Categorical Syllogisms


Appendix: Deduction of the Fifteen Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism


Chapter 7 Syllogisms in Ordinary Language


Section B Modern Logic


Chapter 8 Symbolic Logic


Chapter 9 Methods of Deduction


Chapter 10 Quantification Theory


Part III Induction


Section A Analogy and Causation


Chapter 11 Analogical Reasoning


Chapter 12 Causal Reasoning


Section B Science and Probability


Chapter 13 Science and Hypothesis


Chapter 14 Probability


Appendix


Solutions to Selected Exercises


Glossary/Index