Language and Social Situations

1. Language and Social Situations: An Introductory Review.- The Background to the Study of Language and Situations.- The Psychological Tradition.- Cognitive Approaches.- The Sociological Tradition.- The Evidence for Links Between Language and Social Situations.- Summary and an Outline of the Volume.- I. Situational Factors in Language Development.- 2. The Role of Interaction Formats in Language Acquisition.- Two Conflicting Views of Language Acquisition.- Initial Cognitive Endowment.- Support for Language Acquisition.- Shared Formats and Language Acquisition.- Some Conclusions.- 3. Situational Variations Within Social Speech Registers.- The Nature of Speech Registers.- Situational Variations in the Baby-Talk Register.- Some General Considerations.- II. Psychological Factors in Situated Language Use.- 4. Cognitive Situation Models in Discourse Production: The Expression of Ethnic Situations in Prejudiced Discourse.- Situation Models in Memory.- Situation Models in Discourse Production.- The Expression of Ethnic Prejudice.- Conclusions.- 5. Speech and Situation: A General Model for the Process of Speech Production.- The General Model.- Situational Influences.- Comparing the Model With Schlesinger's Approach.- Applying the Model to the Production of Requests.- The Situation Features Studied.- The Experimental Paradigms.- Conclusions: The Present Status of the Model.- 6. Situational Conventions and Requests.- Social Context and the Understanding of Requests.- Convention and Context in the Use of Requests.- Processing and Remembering Indirect Requests.- What Makes Some Requests Conventional?.- Summary and Conclusions.- III. Social and Cultural Aspects of Language and Social Situations.- 7. The Language of Requesting in Israeli Society.- The Background to Studying Requests.- Requesting as Strategic Interaction.- Design of the Research.- Results.- Discussion: Situational Variations in Requesting.- The Nature of the Ethos of Directness in Israeli Society: A Case of Solidarity Politeness?.- Summary.- 8. In-Group/Out-Group Deixis: Situational Variation in the Verbs of Giving and Receiving in Japanese.- Social Deixis.- Group Identification in Japan: "Uti" and "Soto" Situations.- The Verbs of Giving and Receiving.- Situational Variations in Group Boundaries.- Deictic Projection.- Conclusion.- 9. Situational Influences on Perceptions of Accented Speech.- Situational Influences on the Perception of Speech.- The Macrolevel Situation in Australia.- Situational Context, Ethnicity, and Gender: Three Australian Studies.- Perceptions of Accented Speech in Person-Centered Situations.- Integration and Conclusions.- 10. Situational Rhetoric and Self-Presentation.- Language and Self-Presentation.- Aggro-Talk: The Rhetoric of Aggressive Situations.- Gossip: The Rhetoric of Situational Control.- File-Speak: The Rhetoric of Character Transcription.- Situational Rhetoric in Science.- Conclusions.- IV. Situational Influences on Communication Problems.- 11. A Situational Theory of Disqualification: Using Language to "Leave the Field".- Background.- Theory and Measurement of Disqualification.- Experimental Research.- Conclusions.- 12. Slips in Interaction: The Psychopathology of Everyday Discourse.- Slips of the Tongue Versus Slips in Interaction.- Slips and the Components of a Speech Situation.- The Sequential Organization of Conversation.- The Content of Conversation.- The Interplay of the Interactants.- Slips and Discourse Planning.- Conclusion.- 13. Situational Variation in Speech Dysfluencies in Interpersonal Communication.- Towards a Model of Situational Variation in Speech Dysfluencies.- The Social Character of Stuttering.- Situational Variations in Stuttering.- Psychological Aspects of Situational Difficulty in Everyday Interaction.- Subjectively Perceived Characteristics of Situations.- Speech Dysfluency in Normally Fluent Speakers.- Communication Responsibility, Need for Control, and Speech Dysfluencies.- Conclusions.- 14. Epilogue: On the Situational Nature of Language and Social Interaction.- How Is Language Situational?.- Methodological Eclecticism.- The Search for a Theory Linking Language and Situations.- Future Prospects for a Theory of Situated Language Use.- Conclusions.- Author Index.