World Prehistory and Archaeology
Routledge (Verlag)
978-0-205-78623-7 (ISBN)
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World Prehistory and Archaeology: Pathways through Time integrates world prehistory with a discussion of archaeological methods and techniques--emphasizing the relevance of how we know what we know about our human prehistory. It provides the tools to allow for a lifelong engagement with archaeology, and draws students into the process of archaeological research and discovery.
The author, Michael Chazan, brings students to the cutting edge of archaeological research by presenting the most recent discoveries and theoretical perspectives. For how we know the past is inseparable fromwhat we know of the past. His text allows students to see that archaeology is a dynamic field in which knowledge is continually refined through scientific inquiry--while providing a sense of the relevance of archaeology in the contemporary world.
The cornerstone of this book presents an integrated picture of prehistory as an active process of discovery--where methodological issues are not relegated to the opening chapters alone. While the introduction to archaeological methods in the first two chapters is necessary, the questions of how we know the past are not abandoned at that point. In fact, a number of key features--found within every chapter--have been especially developed for this text in order to draw together an integrated presentation of prehistory for students.
So what are you waiting for? Contact your local publisher's representative today for YOUR review copy and see how World Prehistory and Archaeology will be able to draw YOUR students into the amazing world of archaeological reserach and discovery!
Michael Chazan is an associate professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Toronto. He earned his Ph.D. in anthropology at Yale University. Before coming to Toronto, Dr. Chazan was a postdoctoral fellow with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris and at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Among his field experience are excavations in New Jersey, France, Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and South Africa. Dr. Chazan’s publications include a monograph on the Lower Paleolithic site of Holon, Israel, coauthored with Liora Horwitz. Dr. Chazan is currently engaged in a project on the Earlier Stone Age of South Africa.
BRIEF CONTENTS
PART ONE:
THE PAST IS A FOREIGN COUNTRY: GETTING FROM HERE TO THERE
CHAPTER 1 GETTING STARTED IN ARCHAEOLOGY
CHAPTER 2 PUTTING THE PICTURE TOGETHER
PART TWO:
HUMAN EVOLUTION
CHAPTER 3 EARLY HOMININS
CHAPTER 4 FROM Homo erectus TO NEANDERTHALS
CHAPTER 5 THE ORIGIN OF MODERN HUMANS
CHAPTER 6 THE PEOPLING OF AUSTRALIA AND THE NEW WORLD
PART THREE:
PERSPECTIVES ON AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER 7 TOWERS, VILLAGES, AND LONGHOUSES
CHAPTER 8 MOUNDS AND MAIZE
CHAPTER 9 A FEAST OF DIVERSITY
PART FOUR:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL COMPLEXITY
CHAPTER 10 COMPLEXITY WITHOUT THE STATE
CHAPTER 11 CITIES AND PYRAMIDS: Early States of Mesopotamia and Egypt
CHAPTER 12 ENIGMAS AND DIVERSITY: Early States in Europe and Asia
CHAPTER 13 FROM CITY TO EMPIRE: Social Complexity in Mesoamerica
CHAPTER 14 BRINGING THE FOUR PARTS TOGETHER: States and Empire in the Andes
EPILOGUE BRINGING IT BACK HOME
APPENDICES
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
FIGURE AND PHOTO CREDITS
NAME INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
FULL CONTENTS
Preface
About the Author
PART ONE
THE PAST IS A FOREIGN COUNTRY: GETTING FROM HERE TO THERE
Introduction: Questions of Time and Ethics
CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED IN ARCHAEOLOGY
1.1 Reading the Landscape
Survey Design
Geological Factors
Recovery Methods and GIS
1.2 Excavation
Horizontal Excavation
Vertical Excavation
Controlling Horizontal and Vertical Space
Recovery Methods
Recording Methods
1.3 Artifacts and Ecofacts
FROM THE FIELD: The Author on His Fieldwork at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa
1.4 Biases in Preservation
1.5 Quantification and Sampling
Counting Bones
Counting Artifacts
TOOLBOX: Ethnoarchaeology
1.6 Creating a Chronology
1.7 Comparison
TOOLBOX: Radiocarbon Dating
1.8 Conservation and Display
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Community Archaeology
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
CHAPTER 2: PUTTING THE PICTURE TOGETHER
2.1 Origins of Archaeology
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Thomas Jefferson, the Archaeologist
2.2 The Emergence of Archaeology
Organizing Time
The Establishment of Human Antiquity
Imperial Archaeology
2.3 Developing Method and Theory
Stratigraphic Method and Culture History
V. Gordon Childe
2.4 Archaeology as Science
Developing Scientific Methods
The New Archaeology
Systems Theory
TOOLBOX: Faunal Analysis and Taphonomy
2.5 Alternative Perspectives
Postprocessual Archaeology
Gender and Agency
TOOLBOX: Archaeoacoustics
Evolutionary Archaeology
2.6 Archaeology at the Trowel’s Edge
FROM THE FIELD: Different Views of a Site, by Peter Robertshaw
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
PART TWO: HUMAN EVOLUTION
Introduction: Our Place in Nature
CHAPTER 3: EARLY HOMININS
3.1 The Fossil Record
The Early Hominin Radiation
3.2 Setting the Scene
The East African Rift Valley
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Fraud–Piltdown and Kama-takamori
Lower Paleolithic
FROM THE FIELD: Following the Footsteps of Our Ancestors, by Andrew Du
TOOLBOX: Stone Tools 69
3.3 The Origin of Tool Use
Tool Use by Animals
The Archaeological Evidence
3.4 Hunting and Sharing Food
Were They Hunters?
TOOLBOX: Dating Early Hominin Sites
Living Floors and Base Camps
The Use of Fire
3.5 The Expansion of the Hominin World
Ubeidiya and Dmanisi
East Asia
Summing Up the Evidence
Summary 83 Key Terms
Review Questions
CHAPTER 4: FROM Homo erectus TO NEANDERTHALS
4.1 Defining the Ice Age
4.2 Before the Neanderthals
The Initial Occupation of Western Europe
The Acheulian Problem
Beyond Stone Tools
4.3 Neanderthals
Neanderthal Genetics
Chronology and Ecology
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Religion and Evolution
4.4 Aspects of Neanderthal Culture and Adaptation
Stone Tools
TOOLBOX: Chaîne Opératoire and the Levallois Method
Hunting
Site Organization and the Use of Fire
Treatment of the Dead
TOOLBOX: Geoarchaeology and Micromorphology
FROM THE FIELD: A Paleoepiphany, by Lynne A. Schepartz
Artwork
Neanderthal Society
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
CHAPTER 5: THE ORIGIN OF MODERN HUMANS
5.1 What Is a Modern Human?
5.2 Early Modern Humans in Africa
The African Middle Stone Age
FROM THE FIELD: The Strange Case of the Grimaldi Figurines, by Michael S. Bisson
Comparing the Middle Stone Age and the Middle Paleolithic
5.3 Early Modern Humans in the Middle East
The Archaeological Record
Chronology
Assessing the Middle Eastern Pattern
TOOLBOX: Luminescence Dating
5.4 The Arrival of Modern Humans in Europe and the Fate of the Neanderthals
The Fossil Record
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Modern Human Origins and Questions of Race
Genetic Evidence
Archaeological Evidence
The Last Neanderthals
Summing Up the Evidence
5.5 The Upper Paleolithic
Chronology
Stone and Bone Tools
Human Burials
TOOLBOX: Use—Wear Analysis
Artwork
Site Structure
Subsistence
5.6 Explaining the Upper Paleolithic
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
CHAPTER 6: THE PEOPLING OF AUSTRALIA AND THE NEW WORLD
6.1 Modern Humans in East Asia
6.2 Australia
Dating the Earliest Human Occupation
Megafauna Extinction
Rock Art
Voyaging On
TOOLBOX: Experimental Archaeology
6.3 The New World
Clovis First
TOOLBOX: Radiocarbon Calibration
Pre-Clovis
Early Arrival Model
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Repatriation of Indigenous Burial Remains
The Solutrean Hypothesis
The Skeletal Evidence
FROM THE FIELD: Mawlukhotepun–Working Together, by Susan Blair
Clovis Adaptations and Megafauna Extinction
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
PART THREE: PERSPECTIVES ON AGRICULTURE
Introduction: Definitions of Agriculture
CHAPTER 7: TOWERS, VILLAGES, AND LONGHOUSES
7.1 Setting the Scene
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Political Borders and Archaeology
7.2 Stage 1: Kebaran and Geometric Kebaran
Technology
Settlements
FROM THE FIELD: The Author on His Fieldwork at Wadi Mataha
Domestication
7.3 Stage 2: The Natufian
Technology
Settlements
Domestication
7.4 Stage 3: The Early Neolithic
Technology
Settlements
Ritual
TOOLBOX: Harris Matrix
Domestication
7.5 Stage 4: Late Neolithic
TOOLBOX: Paleoethnobotany
Technology
Settlement and Ritual
Domestication
7.6 Assessing the Neolithic Revolution
7.7 The Spread of Agriculture to Europe
Summing Up the Evidence
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
CHAPTER 8: MOUNDS AND MAIZE
8.1 Plant Domestication in Mesoamerica
TOOLBOX: AMS Radiocarbon Dating
8.2 Maize Agriculture in the
American Southwest
The Formative Period
Summing Up the Evidence
TOOLBOX: Hand-Built Pottery
8.3 Eastern North America
The Indigenous Domestication of Plants
The Adena and Hopewell
Intensification of Maize Agriculture
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Who Owns the Past?
The People Behind the Transition
Summing Up the Evidence
FROM THE FIELD: “Towns They Have None:” In Search of New England’s Mobile Farmers, by Elizabeth S. Chilton
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
CHAPTER 9: A FEAST OF DIVERSITY
9.1 Africa
Villages of Hunter—Gatherers
Pastoralists
The First Farmers
FROM THE FIELD: Ethiopian Farmers Yesterday and Today, by Catherine D’Andrea
Summing Up the Evidence
9.2 New Guinea
Clearing Forests and Draining Swamps
TOOLBOX: Pollen, Phytoliths, and Starch Grains
9.3 The Andes 234
Domestication in the Andean Highlands
Coastal Villages
The Cotton Preceramic
The Role of El Niño
Summing Up the Evidence
9.4 East Asia 239
Early Pottery
The First Farmers
TOOLBOX: Residue Analysis
The Development of Farming Societies
Summing Up the Evidence
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Archaeology and the Environment
9.5 Questioning the Neolithic 243
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 4.10.2010 |
|---|---|
| Verlagsort | New York |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 274 x 217 mm |
| Gewicht | 880 g |
| Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Archäologie |
| Geschichte ► Allgemeine Geschichte ► Vor- und Frühgeschichte | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-205-78623-5 / 0205786235 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-205-78623-7 / 9780205786237 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
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