Advanced Metric Wave Radar (eBook)

Preface 5
A Brief Introduction to This Book 8
Contents 9
1 Introduction 14
1.1 Anti-stealth and Metric Wave Radar 14
1.2 The Major Problems in Metric Wave Radar 16
1.3 The Development of Metric Wave Radar in China 17
1.4 Development of Direction of Metric Wave Radar and Theory and Method of Advanced Metric Wave Radar 20
Bibliography 22
2 Target Characteristics in Metric Wave Band 23
2.1 Overview of Stealth Technologies 23
2.2 Counter-Stealth Mechanism at Metric Wave Band 26
2.3 Electromagnetic Computation and Analysis of Stealth Aircraft RCS 28
2.3.1 Electromagnetic Computation Methods 28
2.3.2 Electromagnetic Computation Results 31
Bibliography 36
3 System Design of Advanced Metric Wave Radar 38
3.1 Technology Scheme of Advanced Metric Wave Radar 38
3.1.1 Multipath Effect in Metric Wave Band 38
3.1.2 General Consideration for Radar Technology Scheme 40
3.1.3 Principle of Metric Wave Digital Array Radar 41
3.1.4 Features of Metric Wave Digital Array Radar System 41
3.2 Polarization Selection 43
3.2.1 Impacts of Different Polarizations on Metric Wave Radar Performance 43
3.2.2 Principles of Metric Wave Radar Polarizations Selection 45
3.3 Frequency Selection 46
3.3.1 Frequency Regulations of Radio Committee 46
3.3.2 Avoiding Television, FM Broadcasting and Radio Paging Frequencies 46
3.3.3 Comprehensive Discussion on Radar Performance 50
3.4 Technical Approaches Analysis of Metric Wave Radar Height Finding 51
3.4.1 Common Height Finding Methods 51
3.4.2 Superresolution Angle Measurement Methods 53
3.5 Optimal Design of Airspace Coverage 55
3.5.1 Design of Independent Beam 55
3.5.2 Design of Improved Volume Coverage Diversity 58
3.5.3 Optimal Design of Pulse Energy 58
3.6 Design of Work Modes 59
3.6.1 Design of Common Work Mode 59
3.6.2 Design of Special Work Mode 61
Bibliography 62
4 Height Finding Technique of Metric Wave Radar 64
4.1 Introduction 64
4.2 Height Finding Model of Metric Wave Radar 65
4.2.1 Typical Multipath Signal Model 66
4.2.2 Multipath Signal Model Taking into Account Earth Curvature 68
4.2.3 Reflection Coefficients 71
4.2.4 Effective Reflection Area 72
4.3 Lobe Split Method 77
4.4 Array Super-Resolution Algorithms 81
4.4.1 Spatial Smoothing MUSIC 82
4.4.2 Maximum Likelihood Algorithm 86
4.4.3 RELAX Algorithm 92
4.4.4 Sparse Solution Method 94
4.5 Terrain Matching MUSIC/ML Algorithm 97
4.6 Multipath Distributed Source Model Height-Finding Method 100
4.6.1 Distributed Source Model 100
4.6.2 Multi-dimensional Alternate Projection ML 103
4.7 Height-Finding Based on Self-Adaptive Beam Forming 104
4.8 Conclusion 106
Bibliography 107
5 Metricwave Radar Anti-jamming Technology 111
5.1 Particularity of Metricwave Radar Anti-jamming 111
5.1.1 Electromagnetic Environment of Metricwave Band 111
5.2 Advanced Metricwave Radar Anti-jamming Technology 114
5.2.1 Airspace Domain Anti-jamming Technology 114
5.2.2 Waveform Domain (Time, Frequency and Intra-pulse) Anti-jamming Technology 122
5.2.3 Anti-jamming Technology in Energy Field 125
5.2.4 Anti-jamming Technology in Processing Domain 127
Bibliography 138
6 Metric Wave Antenna Techniques 140
6.1 Antenna Scheme 140
6.2 Main Parameters of the Antenna 141
6.2.1 Beamwidth 141
6.2.2 Sidelobe Level 142
6.2.3 Gain 142
6.2.4 Others 144
6.3 Array Analysis and Design 145
6.3.1 Array Arrangement Mode 145
6.3.2 Grid Form and Array Element Spacing 151
6.3.3 Common Aperture Distribution 156
6.3.4 Intelligent Algorithms for Pattern Synthesis 161
6.3.5 Mutual Coupling 164
6.4 Antenna Array Element 166
6.4.1 Symmetrical Dipole 167
6.4.2 Folded Dipole 170
6.4.3 Directional Antenna 172
6.4.4 Log Periodic Antenna 177
6.4.5 Tapered Slot Antenna 179
6.4.6 Lon Slot Array Antenna 184
6.5 Antenna Tolerance 185
6.6 Impact of Metric Wave Multipath Effect 188
6.7 Antenna Monitoring and Calibration Techniques 194
Bibliography 198
7 Metric Wave Transmit and Receive Techniques 200
7.1 Overview 200
7.2 Composition and Realization of Transmit/Receive System 201
7.2.1 Composition of Transmit/Receive System 201
7.2.2 Realization of Transmit/Receive System 204
7.3 RF Digitalized Transmitter Technique 205
7.3.1 Requirements of Digital Array Radar on Transmitter 205
7.3.2 Realization of RF Digitalized Transmitter 208
7.4 RF Digitalized Receive Technique 218
7.4.1 Features and Composition of Advanced Metric Wave Radar Receiver 218
7.4.2 Receiver Noise 222
7.4.3 Dynamic Range of Receiver 231
7.4.4 Realization of Multi-Channel RF Digitalized Receiver 234
7.4.5 Optical Transmission and Synchronization of Data 239
7.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility Design 247
7.6 Super-Low Phase Noise Frequency Source Technique 257
7.6.1 Analysis on the Effect of Frequency Source Phase Noise on Radar System 257
7.6.2 Realization of Frequency Source 259
7.6.3 Techniques for Distributed Frequency Sources 261
Bibliography 261
8 Target Classification and Identification Techniques for Advanced Metric Wave Radar 264
8.1 Overview 264
8.1.1 Status of Radar Target Classification and Identification 264
8.1.2 Target Classification and Identification Process in Metric Wave Radar 267
8.2 Feature Extractions 268
8.2.1 Basic Motion Features 268
8.2.2 Resonant Frequency Features 270
8.2.3 Micro-Doppler Modulation Feature 273
8.2.4 Polarization Features 280
8.3 Target Classification and Identification 283
8.3.1 Decision Synthesis 284
8.3.2 Data Analysis 286
8.4 Classification and Identification Database 297
8.4.1 Construction Approach 297
8.4.2 Content and Storage Rule 299
8.4.3 Realization Measures 300
Bibliography 302
9 Cooperative Detection Metric Wave Radar Techniques 304
9.1 Overview 304
9.2 Development Trend of Cooperative Detection Technique 306
9.2.1 CEC System Technique 306
9.2.2 MIMO Radar Techniques 307
9.2.3 Distributed Array Coherent-Synthesis Radar Technique 309
9.3 Typical Operation Modes 310
9.3.1 Self-transmitting/Self-receiving Mode 311
9.3.2 MIMO Mode 314
9.3.3 Transmitting/Receiving Full-Coherence Mode 315
Bibliography 318
10 Structural Design of Large Metric Wave Radar 319
10.1 Introduction 319
10.2 Overall Design of Metric Wave Radar 320
10.2.1 Outline of Overall Design 320
10.2.2 Overall Layout Design 321
10.2.3 Radar Erection and Assembly 322
10.2.4 Transportation and Packing Design 323
10.3 Key Technologies in Structural Design of Metric Wave Radar 324
10.3.1 Antenna Framework Configuration Design Technologies 324
10.3.2 Wind-Resistant Safety Design Technology 339
10.3.3 Automatic Erection Design Technology for Metric Wave Radar 348
10.3.4 Cooling Design Technology 360
Bibliography 365
11 System Tests and Demonstrations 368
11.1 Introduction 368
11.2 Test and Demonstration of Transmitting/Receiving Calibration 368
11.2.1 Interior Field Calibration of the Transmitting Channel 368
11.2.2 Interior Field Calibration of the Receiving Channel 369
11.3 Antenna Test and Demonstration 369
11.3.1 Antenna Outfield Calibration Test and Demonstration 369
11.3.2 Low Sidelobe Antenna Outfield Test 371
11.3.3 Test of the Sidelobe Cancellation Performance 376
11.4 Test and Demonstration of Metric Wave Radar Airspace Coverage 378
11.4.1 Test Method 378
11.4.2 Performance Evaluation Based on Tested Data 380
11.4.3 An Example of Performance Evaluation 382
11.5 Height-Finding Tests and Demonstrations in Different Terrain Environments 383
11.5.1 Test Method 383
11.5.2 Performance Evaluation Based on Test Data 384
Bibliography 391