Nanochemistry, Biotechnology, Nanomaterials, and Their Applications (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 12
Part I Nanochemistry and Biotechnology 20
1 Nanostructured Functional Coatings of Iron Family Metals with Refractory Elements 21
1.1 Experimental 23
1.1.1 FeCoW Alloy 26
1.1.2 FeCoMo Alloy 30
1.1.3 CoMoZr Alloy 37
1.1.4 Functional Properties of Fe-Co-W, Fe-Co-Mo, and Co-Mo-Zr Coatings 43
1.1.4.1 Magnetic Characteristics of Fe-Co-W and Fe-Co-Mo Coatings 43
1.1.4.2 Corrosion Behavior of Ternary Alloys 44
1.1.4.3 The Catalytic Properties of Fe-Co-W, Fe-Co-Mo, and Co-Mo-Zr Coatings 47
References 49
2 Multifunctional Magnetic Nanocomposites on the Base of Magnetite and Hydroxyapatite for Oncology Applications 53
2.1 Conclusions 62
References 63
3 Structural Peculiarities and Properties of Silver-Containing Polymer Nanocomposites 66
3.1 Introduction 66
3.2 Structural Formation and Thermomechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Pectin–Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes and Ag Nanoparticles 67
3.3 Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Pectin–PEI and Ag Nanoparticles, Prepared by the Chemical and Thermal Reduction of Silver Ions in the Interpolyelectrolyte–Metal Complexes 74
References 78
4 Effect of Incorporated Inorganic Nanoparticles on Porous Structure and Functional Properties of Strongly and Weakly Acidic Ion Exchangers 80
4.1 Organic-Inorganic Ion Exchangers 80
4.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposites 81
4.3 Sorption of Ni2+ Ions and Cationic Dye 82
4.4 Visualization of Embedded Particles 83
4.5 Porous Structure of Polymer Constituent 84
4.6 Sorption Under Batch Conditions 86
4.7 Conclusions 90
References 91
5 Peculiarities of the Crystal-Chemical Structure of Spinel Ferrites CoxFe3-xO4 (0.25 =? x =?1) Obtained Under the Action of a Low-Temperature Contact Nonequilibrium Plasma 95
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 Methodology of the Experiment 97
5.3 Results and Discussion 97
5.4 Conclusion 101
References 102
6 The Dynamics of Water Molecules Confined in the Interior of DMPC Phospholipid Reverse Micelle 104
6.1 Introduction 104
6.1.1 Simulation Details 105
6.1.2 Results 105
References 111
7 Applications Perspectives of Nanodispersed Chalcogenides of Transition Metals in Photocatalysis 114
7.1 General 114
7.1.1 Introduction 114
7.1.2 The Mechanisms of Photocatalytic Reactions 115
7.2 Classification of Photocatalysts 117
7.2.1 Branches of Photocatalysts Applications 117
7.3 The Structure of Chalcogenides of Transition Metals 120
7.3.1 MoS2 120
7.3.2 MoSe2 122
7.4 Properties of Molybdenum (IV) Chalcogenides 122
7.4.1 Photocatalytic Properties 122
7.4.2 Sorption Properties 124
7.4.3 Electric Properties 125
7.5 Conclusions 126
References 127
8 Nanocomposites Based on Thermosetting Polyurethane Matrix and Chemically Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes 129
8.1 Introduction 129
8.2 Materials and Testing Methods 132
8.2.1 Materials 132
8.2.1.1 Carbon Nanotube Pretreatment 132
8.2.1.2 Hemin-Coated MWCNTs 132
8.2.1.3 Acid-Oxidized MWCNTs 132
8.2.1.4 Reduction of MWCNT Surface Acidic Groups 133
8.2.1.5 Surface Group Analysis 133
8.2.1.6 Polyurethane Nanocomposite Preparation 133
8.2.2 Testing Methods 134
8.2.2.1 Vapour Sorption and Thermodynamic Calculations 134
8.2.2.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 135
8.2.2.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 135
8.2.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 135
8.2.2.5 Mechanical Testing 135
8.2.2.6 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) 135
8.2.2.7 Laser-Interferometric Creep Rate Spectroscopy (CRS) 136
8.3 Results and Discussion 137
8.3.1 MWCNT Surface Chemistry for Interaction with PU 137
8.3.2 Structure of the PU Matrix 139
8.3.3 AFM Investigation of the Nanocomposites 141
8.3.4 TEM and SEM Analyses of MWCNTs Dispersion in the PU Matrix 143
8.3.5 Thermodynamics of Polymer-Filler Interactions in the Nanocomposites 144
8.3.6 Investigation of the Nanocomposites by DMA 148
8.3.7 Creep Rate Spectra 154
8.3.8 Mechanical Properties of the Nanocomposites 155
8.4 Conclusions 159
References 160
9 Polymeric Composite Films with Controlled Release of Natural Antioxidant Enoxil 163
9.1 Introduction 163
9.2 Materials and Methods 165
9.2.1 Preparation of Polymeric Composite Films 165
9.3 Results and Discussion 167
9.3.1 IR Spectral Study 167
9.3.2 Enoxil Release from Composite with Silicas 168
9.3.3 Modeling of Drug Release Kinetics 169
9.3.4 Polymeric Composite Films 170
9.3.5 Modeling of Drug Release Kinetics 175
9.3.6 Bactericidal Activity of Polymeric Films 176
9.4 Conclusions 176
References 178
10 High-Temperature Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings of Molybdenum (Tungsten)–Nickel (Cobalt) Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds 179
Abbreviations 179
10.1 Introduction 180
10.2 Materials and Methods 181
10.3 Results and Discussion 181
10.3.1 Electrochemical Behavior of Nickel(II) and Cobalt(II) Against the Background of a Tungstate Melt 181
10.3.2 Combined Electroreduction of Nickel (Cobalt) and the Oxide Forms of Molybdenum(VI) (Tungsten(VI)) from a Tungstate Melt and the Synthesis of Nickel (Cobalt)–Molybdate (Tungstate) Alloys 185
10.4 Conclusions 189
References 190
11 Structure and Electrical/Dielectric Properties of Ion-Conductive Polymer Composites Based on Aliphatic Epoxy Resin and Lithium Perchlorate Salt 191
11.1 Background 191
11.2 Experimental 194
11.3 Results and Discussion 195
11.4 Conclusions 210
References 214
12 Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Irradiation Cross-linked Hydrogels 218
12.1 Introduction 218
12.2 Experimental 219
12.2.1 Hydrogel Synthesis 219
12.2.2 Experimental Methods 219
12.2.2.1 Morphological Analysis 219
12.2.2.2 Mechanical Analysis 220
12.2.2.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 220
12.2.2.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 220
12.3 Results and Discussion 220
12.3.1 Radiation Cross-linked Hydrogels 220
12.3.2 Mechanical Properties 221
12.3.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 223
12.3.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 225
12.4 Conclusions 226
References 226
13 Nanostructural and Nanochemical Processes in Peloid Sediments Aided with Biogeocenosis 228
13.1 Introduction 228
13.2 Methods and Materials 229
13.3 Experiment and Discussion 231
13.4 Conclusions 241
References 242
Part II Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials 244
14 Directional Synthesis of SnO2-Based Nanostructures for Use in Gas Sensors 245
14.1 General 245
14.1.1 Introduction 245
14.1.2 Nanostructured SnO2 Layers for Their Use in Gas Sensors 246
14.2 Experimental 247
14.2.1 The Influence of the Synthesis Method on Structural Characteristics of Tin (IV) Oxide Samples 247
14.2.1.1 Electron Microscopy 247
14.2.1.2 IR Spectroscopy 247
14.2.1.3 The Specific Surface Area 248
14.2.2 Characterization and Comparison of 0D and 1D SnO2 Nanostructures, Obtained by CVD 251
14.2.2.1 Electron Microscopy 251
14.2.2.2 IR Spectroscopy 251
14.2.2.3 I-U Measurements 252
14.2.3 Investigation of Modifier Effect on the Properties of Tin (IV) Oxide Powders 252
14.3 Conclusions 256
References 256
15 ``Polymer–Oxide'' Micro-/Nanocomposites: Background and Promises 258
15.1 Introduction 258
15.2 Embedded with Inorganic Oxide Polymer Matrix Micro-/Nanocomposites as Optical Materials 260
15.3 Cellulose-Based Micro-/Nanoscaled Polymer Composites Incorporated with Oxide Compounds 263
15.3.1 Optical Properties of the “Pure” Cellulose Materials 264
15.3.2 Luminescence of the Cellulose Fibers Embedded with Oxide Inorganic Compounds 267
15.4 Structure, Morphology, and Some Physical Properties of the Composites Based on the Microcrystalline Cellulose Matrix (MCC) Containing Luminescent Inorganic Oxide Micro-/Nanoparticles 270
15.5 Conclusions 281
References 282
16 Interactions Between Carbon-Based Nanostructures and Biomembranes: Computer Simulations Study 287
16.1 Introduction 287
16.2 Materials and Methods 288
16.3 Results 289
16.3.1 Indentation of the Membrane by (10, 10) and (12, 12) CNTs 289
16.3.2 Comparison Between Capped and Uncapped (10, 10) CNT 291
16.3.3 Nanoindentation of the Membrane by Heterogeneous Nanotube 291
16.3.4 Indentation with Graphene Sheet 293
16.3.5 Extraction and Self-Sealing Processes 293
16.4 Conclusions 295
References 295
17 Percolation Threshold of 5-Cyanobiphenyl Mesogene Phases Between Graphene Planes: Computer Simulation Study 298
17.1 Introduction 298
17.2 Simulation Details 299
17.3 Results and Discussion 299
17.4 Conclusions 303
References 303
18 The Ultrasonic Treatment as a Promising Method of Nanosized Oxide CeO2-MoO3 Composites Preparation 305
18.1 Introduction 305
18.2 Experimental 306
18.2.1 Sample Preparation and Synthesis 306
18.2.2 Characterization Methods and Techniques 306
18.3 Results and Discussion 308
18.4 Conclusion 316
References 316
19 High-Temperature Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanopowders of Tungsten Carbide in Ionic Melts 318
Abbreviations 318
19.1 Introduction 318
19.2 Materials and Methods 319
19.3 Results and Discussion 319
19.3.1 Variation of Composition of Electrolyte in Isothermal Heating 319
19.3.2 Influence of Length of Electrolysis on Composition of Bath and Cathode Deposit 320
19.3.3 Technology of Washing Highly Dispersed Tungsten Monocarbide Cathode Powders from Electrolyte 324
19.3.4 Recovery of Tungsten and Lithium from Spent Electrolyte and Carbide-Salt Deposits 326
19.4 Conclusions 327
References 328
20 Magnetic Memory of Antitumor Magneto-sensitive Nanocomplex 329
20.1 Introduction 329
20.2 Materials and Methods 330
20.2.1 Magneto-Mechano-Chemical Synthesis 330
20.2.2 Magnetic Studies 331
20.2.3 Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy 331
20.3 Experimental Results 331
20.3.1 Magnetic Studies of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles 331
20.3.2 Magnetic Studies and ESR Spectroscopy of AMNC 333
20.4 Discussion 333
20.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 336
References 337
21 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with a Random and Periodic Distribution of Silver Nanoparticles 338
21.1 Introduction 338
21.2 Experimental Details 340
21.3 Results and Discussion 341
21.3.1 Production and Characterization of the Samples 341
21.3.2 Nonlinear Optical Properties of the Nanocomposites 343
21.4 Conclusions 346
References 347
22 The Nanocomposite Diffusion Coating of Details Prepared of Boriding 350
22.1 Introduction 350
22.2 Materials and Methods 350
22.3 Discussion 353
22.4 Conclusions 359
References 360
23 Ni Addition Induced Changes in Structural, Magnetic, and Cationic Distribution of Zn0.75?xNixMg0.15 Cu0.1Fe2O4 Nano-ferrite 362
23.1 Introduction 362
23.2 Materials and Methods 364
23.2.1 Materials 364
23.2.2 Material Synthesis 364
23.2.3 Characterizations 365
23.3 Results and Discussions 365
23.3.1 Structural Properties 365
23.3.2 Cationic Distribution 367
23.3.3 SEM, EDAX 369
23.3.4 Magnetic Properties 371
23.3.5 Antistructural Modeling 375
23.4 Conclusions 376
References 377
24 Dielectric Properties and AC Conductivity of Epoxy/Hybrid Nanocarbon Filler Composites 381
24.1 Introduction 381
24.2 Experimental 383
24.3 Results and Discussion 384
24.3.1 Microstructure of Nanocarbon/Epoxy Composites 384
24.3.2 Impedance Analysis for CMs GNP/CNT/L285 385
24.3.3 Dielectric Properties of CMs GNP/CNT/L285 388
24.3.4 AC Conductivity of CMs GNP/CNT/L285 392
24.4 Conclusion 394
References 395
25 Obtaining of the Modified NH4NO3 Granules with 3-D Nanoporous Structure: Impact of Humidifier Type on the Granule's Structure 398
25.1 Introduction 398
25.2 Description of Object and Methods of Research 399
25.3 Visualization of Results and Discussion 400
25.4 Conclusions 403
References 405
26 Bifunctional Silicas with Immobilized Lignin 409
26.1 Introduction 409
26.2 Experimental Section 411
26.2.1 Materials 411
26.2.2 Silica Surface Modification 411
26.2.3 Preparation of Silica/Lignin Composites 412
26.2.4 Analytic Technique 412
26.3 Results and Discussion 413
26.4 Conclusion 426
References 426
27 Cooperative Phenomena in Spin-Crossover Molecular Crystals 428
27.1 Introduction 428
27.2 Ising-Like Model of Spin-Crossover Nanocrystal Interacting with the Surroundings 430
27.3 Monte Carlo Simulation of Magnetic Behavior in Spin-Crossover Nanocrystals 432
27.4 Conclusion 440
References 441
28 Copper Nucleation on Nickel from Pyrophosphate-Based Polyligand Electrolyte 443
28.1 Introduction 443
28.2 Experimental 444
28.3 Experimental Results and Discussion 445
28.3.1 Cyclic Voltammetry Study 445
28.3.2 Chronoamperometry Study 446
28.3.3 Modeling the Current Transients 450
28.4 Conclusions 453
References 453
29 Structural Study of the Modified Cu0.4Co0.4Ni0.4Mn1.8O4 and Cu0.1Ni0.8Co0.2Mn1.9O4 Ceramics Using Combined Methods 458
29.1 Introduction 458
29.2 Preparation of Modified Ceramics 460
29.3 Experimental Details 461
29.4 Results and Discussion 461
29.4.1 Micro- and Macro-modified Cu0.4Co0.4Ni0.4Mn1.8O4 Ceramics 461
29.4.2 Technologically Modified Cu0.1Ni0.8Co0.2Mn1.9O4 Ceramics 467
29.5 Conclusions 471
References 471
30 Effect of a Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Atmosphere on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Materials 474
30.1 Introduction 474
30.2 Materials and Methods 475
30.3 Results and Discussion 479
30.4 Conclusions 483
References 484
31 Influence of Annealing in Vacuum on Dispersion Kinetics of Titanium and Zirconium Nanofilms Deposited onto Oxide Materials 485
31.1 Introduction 485
31.2 Materials and Experimental Methods 486
31.3 Results and Discussion 487
31.4 Conclusions 495
References 495
32 Grain Porous Structure and Exploitation Propertiesof Humidity-Sensitive Magnesium Aluminate Spinel-TypeCeramics 497
32.1 Introduction 497
32.2 Preparation of Magnesium Aluminate Ceramics 498
32.3 Experimental Details 498
32.4 Results and Discussion 500
32.4.1 Spinel MgAl2O4 Ceramics 500
32.4.2 Modified MgO-Al2O3 Ceramics 506
32.5 Conclusions 513
References 514
Index 518