Laser Metal Deposition Process of Metals, Alloys, and Composite Materials (eBook)

Dr Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood has a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, she is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Her research interest is in laser metal deposition process of alloys, composite and functionally graded materials. This is an emerging research area with lots of promises and potentials. This book gives an in-depth knowledge of this subject matter which helps the upcoming researchers as well as professionals or industries that are interested in the laser metal deposition process to have a better understanding of this technology and to help in the development in this field.

Foreword 7
Preface 9
Acknowledgements 11
About the Book 12
Contents 13
1 Introduction to Laser Metal Deposition Process 16
Abstract 16
1.1 Additive Manufacturing Technology 16
1.2 Brief Background of Laser Metal Deposition Process 19
1.3 Summary 20
Acknowledgements 21
References 21
2 Laser Basics and Laser Material Interactions 25
Abstract 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 History and Development of Laser 26
2.3 Types of Lasers 28
2.3.1 Solid State Laser 28
2.3.2 Gaseous State Laser 29
2.3.3 Liquid State Laser 29
2.3.4 Chemical Lasers 30
2.3.5 Semiconductor Lasers 30
2.4 Properties of Lasers 30
2.4.1 Monochromaticity 31
2.4.2 Coherency 33
2.4.3 Directionality 35
2.5 Principles of Laser 37
2.5.1 Amplifying or Gain Medium 37
2.5.2 Pumping System 40
2.5.3 Optical Resonance System 41
2.6 Laser Safety 42
2.7 Areas of Application of Laser 43
2.8 Laser Material Interaction 45
2.9 Summary 47
Acknowledgements 47
References 47
3 Laser Metal Deposition Process, Solidification Mechanism and Microstructure Formation 50
Abstract 50
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 Laser Metal Deposition Process Description 52
3.3 The Advantages and Limitations of Laser Metal Deposition 55
3.4 Solidification and Microstructural Evolution During the LMD Process 56
3.5 Properties Resulting from LMD Process 59
3.6 Summary 69
Acknowledgements 70
References 70
4 Processing Parameters in Laser Metal Deposition Process 73
Abstract 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Processing Parameter in Laser Metal Deposition Process 74
4.2.1 Laser Power 74
4.2.2 Effect of Laser Power on the Surface Finish 75
4.2.3 Effect of Laser Power on the Microstructure 80
4.2.4 Effect of Laser Power on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties 87
4.3 Scanning Velocity 89
4.3.1 Effect of Scanning Speed on the Surface Finish 90
4.3.2 Effect of Scanning Speed on the Microstructure 93
4.3.3 Effect of Scanning Speed on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties 98
4.4 Powder or Wire Flow Rate and Gas Flow Rate 100
4.5 Laser Beam Diameter and Overlap Percentage 101
4.6 Summary 102
Acknowledgements 102
References 102
5 Laser Metal Deposition of Metals and Alloys 105
Abstract 105
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 Laser Metal Deposition of Metal-Alloys 106
5.3 Summary 128
Acknowledgements 128
References 128
6 Laser Metal Deposition of Composites and Functionally Graded Materials 131
Abstract 131
6.1 Introduction 131
6.2 Laser Metal Deposition of Composite Materials 132
6.3 Laser Metal Deposition of Functionally Graded Composite Materials 141
6.4 Summary 151
Acknowledgements 151
References 151
7 Areas of Application of Laser Metal Deposition Process–Part Repair and Remanufacturing 154
Abstract 154
7.1 Introduction 154
7.2 Laser Metal Deposition Process in Repair 155
7.3 Laser Metal Deposition Process in Remanufacturing 164
7.4 Laser Metal Deposition in Surface Modification 167
7.5 Summary 172
Acknowledgements 172
References 172
8 Laser Metal Deposition of Titanium Alloy and Titanium Alloy Composite: Case Studies 176
Abstract 176
8.1 Introduction 176
8.2 Case Study 1: Scanning Velocity Effect on Properties of Titanium Alloy Produced by Laser Metal Deposition Process 178
8.2.1 Introduction 178
8.2.2 Experimental Procedure 179
8.2.3 Results and Discussion 181
8.2.4 Conclusion 185
8.3 Case Study 2: Effect of Laser Power on Laser Metal Deposited Ti6Al4V/TiC Composite 186
8.3.1 Introduction 186
8.3.2 Wear Performance Behaviour of Ti6Al4V 187
8.3.3 Experimental Method 189
8.3.4 Results and Discussion 195
8.4 Summary 202
Acknowledgements 203
References 203
9 Research Advancements in Laser Metal Deposition Process 207
Abstract 207
9.1 Introduction 207
9.2 Additive Manufacturing 209
9.3 Laser Metal Deposition Process 211
9.4 Research Progress in Laser Metal Deposition Process 212
9.5 Summary 213
Acknowledgements 214
References 214
10 Future Research Need and in Laser Metal Deposition Process and Summary 221
Abstract 221
10.1 Introduction 221
10.2 Future Research Need in Laser Metal Deposition Process 223
10.3 Summary 223
Acknowledgements 224
References 224