Advances in Cross-Cultural Decision Making (eBook)

Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2017 6
Preface 8
Contents 10
Social Media and Social Change 13
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Accuracy of Personality Judgements Made Through Social Media 14
Abstract 14
1 Introduction 14
2 Method 16
2.1 Design and Participants 16
2.2 Procedure 16
3 Results 17
3.1 Self-other Agreement Between Each Groups of Raters 17
3.2 Judgment Differences Between UK, UK Asian and Malaysian Groups 18
3.3 Relationship of Profile Owners’ Personalities with Raters’ Own Personality 18
4 Discussion 20
Acknowledgements 22
References 22
Autochthonous Materials and Traditional Manufacturing Methods: Analysis Based on Cultural and Historical Features 24
Abstract 24
1 Introduction 24
2 Methodology and Methods 26
3 The Survey: Materials and Manufacturing Techniques and Local Recognition 26
4 Documental Analysis by Cultural and Historic Aspects 27
4.1 Golden Grass and Jalapão 27
4.2 Cork and Alentejo 28
5 Results 29
6 Final Considerations: Opportunities 32
Acknowledgments 32
References 32
Cross-Cultural Reactions to Crisis Events via Language and Emoticon Use 34
Abstract 34
1 Introduction 34
2 Data Collection and Method 35
3 Analysis of Data 36
4 Results and Discussion 37
4.1 Analysis of Lexical Variation 37
4.2 Analysis of Lexical Variation with Emoticons/Emojis 38
5 Summary and Future Work 39
References 39
Geo-Tagged Social Media Data as a Proxy for Urban Mobility 40
Abstract 40
1 Introduction 40
2 Datasets 41
2.1 Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) 41
2.2 Twitter 41
2.3 Data Granularity 41
3 Properties of the Networks 42
3.1 Mobility Network Construction 42
3.2 Distribution of Attractiveness of Urban Locations 42
4 District Delineation 44
5 Gravity Model for Human Mobility 46
6 Temporal Dimension of Twitter Data 47
7 Discussion 48
8 Application 49
9 Conclusions 49
References 50
Cross-Cultural Design and Team Decision Making 52
Veterans in STEM: Supporting the Transition from Military Culture to the Culture of College 53
Abstract 53
1 Introduction 53
2 Background 54
2.1 Transition STEM 55
2.2 Veterans in STEM: Critical Analysis of the Factors Affecting Pathways to STEM Careers 56
2.3 Conclusion and Implications 61
2.4 Limitations 62
Acknowledgements 62
References 62
New Approach to Decision Making (DM) - Evaluation of DM by not Choice but Preference of Alternatives 64
Abstract 64
1 Introduction 64
2 Generalized Model of Decision Making 65
3 Method 66
4 Results 67
5 Discussion 70
5.1 Effects of (X, Y) on Preference to A 70
5.2 Effects of (PA, PB) on Preference to A 71
5.3 Multiple Effects of (X, Y) and (PA, PB) on Preference to A 71
5.4 General Discussion 72
6 Conclusions 72
References 72
Nationalism, Patriotism and Multinational Decision-Making Competence: Evidence from a Situation Judgment Test 74
Abstract 74
1 Introduction 74
1.1 Social Identity and Multinational Teaming 75
1.2 Individual Differences in Decision-Making Competence 76
1.3 Study Aims 77
2 Method 77
2.1 Participants 77
2.2 Materials 77
2.3 Procedure 78
3 Results 79
3.1 Demographic Factors 79
3.2 Social Identity 79
3.3 Decision-Making 79
3.4 Qualitative Analyses of Individual Differences 80
4 Discussion 82
5 Conclusion 84
Acknowledgments 84
References 84
Cultural and Social Determinants of Working Conditions in Europe 86
Abstract 86
1 Introduction 86
2 Hofstede’s National Dimensions of Culture 87
3 Selected Dimensions of the European Social Survey (2014) 90
4 Selection of Dimensions from the European Working Conditions Survey (2015) 92
5 Results of Analysis of Association 93
6 Discussion 95
7 Conclusion 96
Acknowledgements 97
References 97
Organization & Cultural Impact of Microservices Architecture
Abstract 99
1 Introduction 99
2 Structure 100
2.1 Conway’s Law 100
3 Size 101
3.1 Bezo’s Two Pizza Rule 101
4 Evolution 102
5 Conclusion 103
References 104
Causal Analysis in Complex Environments 106
Challenges in Making Policy Decision-Support Systems Operational 107
Abstract 107
1 Introduction 107
2 Simulation 110
3 Human Machine Interface (HMI) 112
4 Data Requirements 114
5 Conclusion 114
References 115
Complex Causality: Computational Formalisms, Mental Models, and Objective Truth 116
Abstract 116
1 Introduction 116
2 Background 117
3 Complex Causality and Truth 119
4 Mental Models 120
5 Causal Modeling Formalisms 121
6 Conceptual Framework 123
7 Conclusions 125
References 125
Enabling Mixed Method Modeling Through the Use of Causal Networks 129
Abstract 129
1 Introduction 129
2 Background 130
3 Methodology 131
3.1 Dynamic Representation 132
3.2 Integration and Composition 133
3.3 Results Explanation 134
4 Results 136
5 Conclusions 138
References 138
Gray Zone Challenges 140
Examining How Perception of External Threat Influences the Popularity of Government Leaders 141
Abstract 141
1 Introduction 141
2 The Perception of Threat 142
2.1 Intragroup Affiliation 145
2.2 The Polarization of Groups 146
3 Assimilating Factors Affecting Leadership Popularity 147
4 Conclusions 149
Acknowledgements 149
References 149
A Fast Track Approach Towards Automatic Detection of Gray Zone Activities from Text 152
Abstract 152
1 Introduction 152
2 Background 153
3 Methodology 155
3.1 Assessing the Gray Zone Activities 156
3.2 Designing Event Filters 157
3.3 Analyzing Our Results 158
4 Results 159
References 160
Challenges and Opportunities in Gray Zone “Combat” 162
Abstract 162
1 Introduction 162
2 Conceptualization of Gray Zone Competition 164
3 Gray Zone Campaign Indicators and Warnings (Upper Right) 165
4 US Gray Zone Planning and Execution (Lower Left) 168
5 Adversary Gray Zone Campaign Interdiction (Lower Right) 169
6 US Gray Zone Campaign Hardening (Upper Left) 171
7 Conclusions 171
References 171
Intra-group Tension Under Inter-group Conflict: A Generative Model Using Group Social Norms and Identity 173
Abstract 173
1 Introduction 173
2 Model 174
2.1 Representing Group 175
2.2 Representing the Individual 176
2.3 Individuals Perform Actions on Behalf of a Group Towards Other Groups 176
2.4 Evolution and Exclusion from a Group 177
2.5 Evolution and Admission to a Group 178
2.6 Presentation of the Model 179
3 Scenarios 179
4 Results 180
4.1 Applying Tolerance but not Normativity Allows Extremist Groups to Dominate 180
4.2 Tolerance and Normativity Lead to Group Stability, and Suppress Dominance of the Extremist Group 181
4.3 Prohibiting Re-admission to Groups After Exclusion Marginally Affects Mainstream Groups More Than the Extremist Group 183
5 Conclusions 183
5.1 Future Work 184
Acknowledgements 184
References 184
Security Challenges in the 21st Century: The Changing Nature of Risk, Security and Sustainability 186
Abstract 186
1 Introduction 186
2 Intergroup and Interpersonal Conflict: Successes 187
3 Intergroup and Interpersonal Conflict: Emerging Threats 188
4 The Challenge and Opportunity of Economic Change 189
5 Threats to the Natural/Environmental Systems 193
6 Summary and Conclusions 194
Acknowledgements 195
References 195
Intelligent Systems and Applications 197
Incorporating the Cultural and Decisions Factors in Multi-objective Optimization of Air Conditioning Conduit Design Process 198
Abstract 198
1 Introduction 198
2 System Analysis 199
2.1 Coordination Variables 200
2.2 Decision Variables 200
3 Conceptual Mathematical Modelling of System 201
3.1 Decomposition of the Conduit Nets Design Task and Mathematical Modeling 201
3.2 Internal Analysis and the Cost Function 203
3.3 Estimation of Charge Losses in the Network and the Noise Function 204
4 Methodology for Optimal Multiple Objective Design and Optimization 204
5 Human Machine Interactions and the Design Process 205
6 Pattern Recognition and Decision Interactions 207
7 Description of the Modules 207
7.1 DPPIPE 207
7.2 CONDUIT 207
7.3 DPCORTE 208
8 Findings and Conclusions 208
References 209
The Necessity of New Paradigms in Measuring Human-Chatbot Interaction 210
Abstract 210
1 Introduction 210
2 Previous Research 211
3 Methodology 213
4 Hypotheses 214
5 Preliminary Results 214
6 Conclusion 218
7 Future Research 218
References 218
Understanding the Social and Economic Factors Affecting Adverse Events in an Active Theater of War: A Neural Network Approach 220
Abstract 220
1 Introduction 220
2 Methodology 221
2.1 The Dataset 221
2.2 Evaluation Criterion 222
3 Results and Discussion 223
3.1 Descriptive Statistics 223
3.2 ANN Model Development 224
3.3 MLR Model Development 225
3.4 Performance Comparison of ANN and MLR Models 226
4 Conclusion 227
Acknowledgments 227
References 227
Human-Machine Interactions and Tools 229
Designing Culturally Appropriate Responses to Culturally Influenced Computer Usage Behaviors 230
Abstract 230
1 Introduction 230
2 Culture and HCI 231
3 Jordanian Users’ Experiences with Computer Usage 232
4 Jordanian Usage Experiences and Some Proposed Responses 233
5 Conclusions 237
References 237
Comparative Study of Design by Culture Reference: Design Examples 239
Abstract 239
1 Introduction 239
1.1 Background 239
1.2 Purpose 240
1.3 Definition of Product Design Terminology 240
2 Method 242
3 Process 242
3.1 Case Choosing and Reasons 242
3.2 Case Choosing and Reasons 242
3.3 Research Questions 247
4 Research Result 248
4.1 Research Results of Design Process, Design Approach and Component Design of Culture Reference Design 248
4.2 Hypothesis of Culture Reference Design Methodology 249
5 Discussion 249
5.1 The Reason of Different Culture Reference Design Process and Traditional Design Process 249
5.2 The Criteria of Approach Choice of Culture Reference Design 250
5.3 The Feasibility and Scientific Approach of the Hypothesis of Culture Referenced Methodology 250
6 Conclusion 250
References 250
Analyzing Various Functions of Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in Decision Making via Brain Imaging Techniques 252
Abstract 252
1 Introduction 253
2 Brain Tissues and Near-Infrared (NIR) Light Propagation 254
3 Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent (BOLD) and Optical Tomographic Spectroscopic Signals 255
4 Regions of Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) and Decisions Making Process 256
4.1 Emotional and Decision Processing Medial and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex 258
4.2 Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and Neuro Cognitive Processing 259
5 Findings and Discussion 260
6 Conclusion 262
References 262
Author Index 264