Driving and Engine Cycles (eBook)

Evangelos G. Giakoumis was born in Greece. He received his Dipl. Ing. from the School of Mechanical Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece, in 1992, and his Ph.D. degree from the same University in 1998.He worked for 6 years as an Area Manager at the After-sales Department of the Peugeot Automobiles Distributor in Greece, before joining the NTUA in 2005. Currently (2016), he is Associate Professor, responsible for four undergraduate and four postgraduate courses. In 2007, he received the SAE Engineering Meetings Board Outstanding Oral Presentation Award for a paper he presented at the annual SAE World Congress in Detroit, MI. In 2016, he was selected by Thomson Reuters as one of the most highly cited researchers worldwide (top 1%).He is the author of approx. 100 papers published in international Journals and Conferences, 5 book chapters, and of the monograph 'Diesel Engine Transient Operation' (Springer-Verlag, London, 2009). He has guest-edited many special issues for international Journals, has served as (co)chairman or member of the scientific committee in various international Conferences, and is member of the editorial board of six international Journals and Book programs (incl. two as Associate Editor). His main scientific interests are combustion, performance and emissions during transient diesel engine operation, study of transient cycles, use of biofuels in engines, and second-law analysis of internal combustion engines.

Preface 5
Acknowledgments 8
Contents 9
Notation 12
1 Introduction 18
Abstract 18
1.1 Motor Vehicles: Environmental Pollution, Emission Legislation and Recent Trends 18
1.2 The Importance of Transient Operation 27
1.3 Fundamentals of Test Cycles 33
1.3.1 Chassis-Dynamometer Cycles 40
1.3.2 Engine-Dynamometer Cycles 55
1.4 Drive Cycle Development Process 63
1.4.1 Collection of Driving Data 65
1.4.2 Data Analysis and Cycle Construction 71
References 77
2 Light-Duty Vehicles 81
Abstract 81
2.1 European Union 81
2.1.1 European Driving Cycle ECE+EUDC/NEDC 83
2.1.2 Non-legislated Cycles 97
2.2 United States of America 103
2.2.1 California 7-Mode 104
2.2.2 FTP-72 and FTP-75 106
2.2.3 Highway Fuel Economy Test—HFET 111
2.2.4 Supplemental FTP US06 and SC03 114
2.2.5 New York City Cycle—NYCC 125
2.2.6 California LA-92 127
2.2.7 Special Purpose Cycles 129
2.3 Japan 142
2.3.1 4-Mode—J4 143
2.3.2 10-Mode—J10 144
2.3.3 11-Mode—J11 144
2.3.4 10-15 Mode—J10-15 146
2.3.5 JC08 147
2.4 Australia 151
2.5 Worldwide—WLTC 154
2.6 Other Countries 161
2.7 Comparative Data 163
References 178
3 Motorcycles 183
Abstract 183
3.1 ECE R47 184
3.2 ECE R40 187
3.3 U.S. EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule 190
3.4 Indian Driving Cycle—IDC 193
3.5 Worldwide Motorcycle Test Cycle—WMTC 194
References 206
4 Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Engines 208
Abstract 208
4.1 Introduction 208
4.2 Europe 212
4.2.1 Free Acceleration Test 213
4.2.2 Steady-State R49 214
4.2.3 Chassis-Dynamometer FIGE 215
4.2.4 Steady-State ESC 217
4.2.5 ELR Smoke Test 221
4.2.6 Transient ETC 222
4.2.7 Other European Non-legislated Chassis-Dynamometer Cycles 226
4.3 United States of America 230
4.3.1 Steady-State Gasoline 9 Mode 231
4.3.2 Steady-State Diesel 13 Mode 233
4.3.3 Federal Smoke Test 235
4.3.4 Chassis-Dynamometer Heavy-Duty UDDS 236
4.3.5 Transient FTP 242
4.3.6 Snap Acceleration Test 251
4.3.7 Other U.S. Non-legislated Chassis-Dynamometer Cycles 251
4.4 Japan 261
4.4.1 Steady-State 6 Mode 261
4.4.2 Steady-State 13 Mode 263
4.4.3 Chassis-Dynamometer JE05 264
4.5 Worldwide 267
4.5.1 Chassis-Dynamometer WTVC 267
4.5.2 Transient WHTC 271
4.5.3 Steady-State WHSC 276
4.6 Other Countries 280
4.7 Comparative Results 284
4.7.1 Chassis-Dynamometer Cycles 284
4.7.2 Engine-Dynamometer Cycles 287
References 296
5 Non-Road Engines 300
Abstract 300
5.1 Steady-State Cycles 301
5.2 Transient Cycles 310
References 328
6 Driving Cycles Test Procedure 330
Abstract 330
6.1 Introduction 330
6.2 Dynamometers 333
6.3 Road-Load Equation 335
6.4 Coast-Down Procedure 337
6.5 Emissions Measurement 340
6.5.1 Chassis Testing Employing Constant Volume Sampling 341
6.5.2 Engine-Dynamometer Testing 351
References 359
Appendix A—Technical Specifications of Chassis-Dynamometer Cycles 361
Passenger Cars and Light-duty Trucks 364
Mopeds and Motorcycles 389
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 396
Speed/Acceleration Distributions of All Cycles 416