With Over 60 tables, most with graphic illustration, and over 1000 formulas, Formulas for Dynamics, Acoustics, and Vibration will provide an invaluable time-saving source of concise solutions for mechanical, civil, nuclear, petrochemical and aerospace engineers and designers. Marine engineers and service engineers will also find it useful for diagnosing their machines that can slosh, rattle, whistle, vibrate, and crack under dynamic loads.
Robert D. Blevins is a Fellow at United Technologies. He directs experimental and analytical investigation of dynamics, acoustic, vibration certification issues for commercial aircraft engine systems. Previously he participated in design of nuclear power plants. He has performed flow-induced vibration analysis and test of aircraft, off shore platforms, and vibration of heat exchangers at refineries, nuclear power plants and chemical process plants. He has taught the Flow-induced Vibration Seminar for the ASME for the past 20 years. He received his Ph.D and MS from the California Institute of Technology and serves the ASME special working from on dynamic analysis on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. He has over 50 published papers.
With Over 60 tables, most with graphic illustration, and over 1000 formulas, Formulas for Dynamics, Acoustics, and Vibration will provide an invaluable time-saving source of concise solutions for mechanical, civil, nuclear, petrochemical and aerospace engineers and designers. Marine engineers and service engineers will also find it useful for diagnosing their machines that can slosh, rattle, whistle, vibrate, and crack under dynamic loads.
Robert D. Blevins is a Fellow at United Technologies. He directs experimental and analytical investigation of dynamics, acoustic, vibration certification issues for commercial aircraft engine systems. Previously he participated in design of nuclear power plants. He has performed flow-induced vibration analysis and test of aircraft, off shore platforms, and vibration of heat exchangers at refineries, nuclear power plants and chemical process plants. He has taught the Flow-induced Vibration Seminar for the ASME for the past 20 years. He received his Ph.D and MS from the California Institute of Technology and serves the ASME special working from on dynamic analysis on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. He has over 50 published papers.
Chapter 1
Definitions, Units, and Geometric Properties
1.1 Definitions
| Acceleration | The rate of change of velocity. The second derivative of displacement with respect to time. |
| Added mass | The mass of fluid entrained by a vibrating structure immersed in fluid. The natural frequency of vibration of a structure surrounded by fluid is lower than that of the structure vibrating in a vacuum owing to the added mass of fluid (Tables 6.9 and 6.10). |
| Amplitude | The maximum excursion from the equilibrium position during a vibration cycle. |
| Antinode | Point of maximum vibration amplitude during free vibration in a single mode. See node. |
| Attenuation, acoustic | Difference in sound or vibration between two points along the path of energy propagation. Also see damping, insertion loss. |
| Bandwidth | The range of frequencies through which vibration energy is transferred. |
| Beam | Slender structure whose cross section and deflection vary along a single axis. Beams support tension, compression, and bending loads. Shear deformations are negligible compared to bending deformations in slender beams. |
| Boundary condition | Time-independent constraints that represent idealized structural interfaces, such as zero force, displacement, velocity, rotation, or pressure. |
| Broad band | A process consisting of a large number of component frequencies, none of which is dominant, distributed over a broad frequency band, usually more than one octave. Also see narrow band and tone. |
| Bulk modulus of elasticity | The ratio of the hydrostatic stress, equal in all directions, to the relative change in volume it produces. for elastic isotropic materials where E is the modulus of elasticity and is Poisson's ratio. for fluids where is the mean density and c is the speed of sound. |
| Cable | A uniform, one-dimensional structure that can bear only tensile loads parallel to its own axis. A cable is a massive string. It has zero bending rigidity and it stretches in response to tensile loads. Also see chain. |
| Cable modulus | The change in longitudinal stress (axial force divided by cross-sectional area) divided by the change in longitudinal strain produced by the stress. A solid rod has a cable modulus equal to the modulus of elasticity of the rod material. The cable modulus of a woven cable is typically about 50% of that of the modulus of its fibers. |
| Center of gravity | The point on which a body balances. The center of mass. The sum of the gravitational moments created by the elements of mass is zero about the center of mass. |
| Center of percussion | The point on a rigid body that does not accelerate when the body is impulsively loaded. |
| Centrifugal force | Outward reaction of a mass on a rotating body away from the axis of rotation. Centrifugal (adjective) means “outward from center.” |
| Centripetal acceleration | Acceleration of a point on a rotating body toward the center of rotation. Centripetal (adjective) means “toward the axis of rotation.” |
| Centroid | Volumetric center of a volume or area. The center of mass and centroid are the same for a homogeneous body. |
| Chain | A uniform, massive one-dimensional structure that bears only tensile loads parallel to its own axis. No bending or shear loads are borne. In contrast to cables, ideal chains do not extend under tensile loads. |
| Concentrated mass (point mass) | A point in space with finite mass and zero rotational inertia. |
| Consistent units | A unit system in which Newton's second law, force equals mass times acceleration, is identically satisfied without additional dimensional factors. See Table 1.2. |
| Coriolis acceleration | Accelerations induced on a moving particle in a rotating system, after the French engineer-mathematician Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis. |
| Crest factor | See peak-to-rms ratio. |
| Damping | The ability of a system to absorb vibration energy. Damping limits resonant vibration amplitude and causes free vibrations to decay with time. |
| Damping factor | A nondimensional measure of the damping of a system equal to times the natural logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of one cycle to the amplitude of the following cycle during free vibration. |
| Decibel (dB) | Sound pressure level in decibels is 10 times the logarithm, to the base 10, of the ratio of the mean square sound pressure to a reference mean square sound pressure. |
| Deformation | The displacement of a structure from its reference or equilibrium position. |
| Density | Mass per unit volume. |
| Divergence | (1) Unstable torsion motion caused by aerodynamic forces that overcome structural stiffness, and, (2) spreading of sound waves propagating from a source. |
| Dynamic amplification factor | Also called dynamic load factor (DLF), and magnification factor. The maximum dynamic response amplitude of a single degree of freedom elastic system to a dynamic force divided by the static response to a steady force with the same magnitude. |
| Eigen | German for “own characteristic.” Eigenvalue is a scalar solution to a homogeneous linear equation of motion. Natural frequency is eigenvalue. Eigen vector is the associated spatial mode shape. |
| Elastic | A material or structure whose deformations increase linearly with increasing load. Most practical structures are elastic, or approximately elastic, for loads below the onset of yielding or buckling. |
| Flutter | Unstable divergent oscillation caused by aerodynamic forces. |
| Force | As defined by Newton, force is proportional to mass times acceleration, Equation 1.1. |
| Forced vibration | Vibration of a system in response to an external periodic force. |
| Free vibration | Vibrations in the absence of external loads. Free vibrations take place after an elastic system is released from a displacement. |
| Frequency | The number of times a periodic motion repeats itself per unit time. Vibration frequency is the number of sinusoidal periods per unit times in either units of cycles per second, called Hertz, or in cycles per minute, which is rpm, or in radians per second. |
| Fundamental mode | The lowest natural frequency and mode shape of an elastic system. |
| Harmonic motion | Simple harmonic motion is sinusoidal in time about an equilibrium point. |
| Harmonics | Motion at integer multiples of a frequency. |
| Hertz | Hertz as the unit of cycles per second was adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960. Its name honors Heinrich Hertz, a pioneer investigator of electromagnetic waves. |
| Impedance | (1) Fluid mechanic impedance is ratio of pressure to fluid velocity, (2) mechanical impedance is ratio of force to velocity, (3) step impedance is the ratio of pressure differential across to velocity through a component. |
| Impulse | The force multiplied by the time increment and integrated over the time interval during which the force acts. It has units of force-seconds. Impulse produces change in momentum. Rotational impulse is torque integrated over time and has units of force-length-seconds. |
| Inertial frame | A set of coordinates that does not accelerate; a frame in which Newton's second law holds. |
| Insertion loss | The change in sound pressure level between two points in an acoustic circuit when a component is inserted between the two. Also see transmission loss. Generally expressed in decibels. |
| Jerk | The rate of change of acceleration. |
| Kinematics | Motion within geometric constraints. |
| Kinetic energy | The energy of mass in motion. is the kinetic energy of a mass with velocity . |
| Mass ratio | The weight of a structure divided... |
| Erscheint lt. Verlag |
22.3.2016
|
| Reihe/Serie |
Wiley Series in Acoustics Noise and Vibration
|
| Sprache |
englisch |
| Themenwelt
|
Technik ► Maschinenbau |
| Schlagworte |
Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen • Civil Engineering & Construction • Festkörpermechanik • Festkörpermechanik • Maschinenbau • mechanical engineering • Physics • Physics of Acoustics • Physik • Physik des Schalls • solid mechanics • Structures • Tragwerke |
| ISBN-10 |
1-119-03813-8 / 1119038138 |
| ISBN-13 |
978-1-119-03813-9 / 9781119038139 |
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