Energy Management in Wireless Cellular and Ad-hoc Networks (eBook)

Contents 6
About the Book 8
Part IEnergy Management in HeterogeneousNetworks 10
Outage Detection Framework for Energy Efficient Communication Network 11
1 Introduction 12
2 System Architecture 15
2.1 System Model 15
2.2 COD Framework 15
3 Control COD 16
3.1 Profiling Phase 17
3.2 Detection and Localization Phase 21
4 Data COD via Heuristic Approach 22
4.1 Outage Trigger Phase 23
4.2 Outage Detection Phase 23
4.3 Outage Decision 24
5 Simulation Results and Discussion 25
5.1 Simulation Setup 25
5.2 Control COD Outage Detection Results 27
5.3 Localization 31
5.4 Data COD Outage Detection Results 32
5.5 Energy Efficiency Gain of the Cell Outage Detection Framework 34
6 Conclusion 35
References 35
Towards Energy-Aware 5G Heterogeneous Networks 38
1 Introduction 39
2 Energy Efficient Resource Allocation Schemes for 5G HetNets 40
3 System Model 41
4 Optimization of Energy Efficient Relay Placement and Load Balancing 42
5 Performance Evaluation Parameters 46
6 Conclusion 48
References 50
An Overview of 4G System-Level Energy-Efficiency Performance 52
1 Introduction 52
2 Energy-Efficient Radio Resource Management 53
2.1 Fundamental Trade-Offs in RRM Protocol Design 53
2.2 Cross-Layer Framework for Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation 55
2.3 Load Adaptive Resource Management 56
2.4 Service Differentiation 57
3 Exploitation of Multi-user Diversity 58
4 Relay Transmission 58
5 Energy Analysis: SISO Versus MIMO with Packet Scheduling 60
5.1 Energy Efficiency in SoA Packet Scheduling Techniques 60
5.2 Energy Efficiency Based Coordinated RRM for Multi-cell Systems 65
6 Interference Management for Heterogeneous Networks 66
7 Conclusions 68
References 68
Part II Energy Management and Energy Efficiency in Cellular Systems 72
Energy Harvesting Oriented Transceiver Design for 5G Networks 73
1 Introduction 74
2 Why Energy Efficiency? 74
2.1 The Impact of Energy Efficiency on the User Experience 75
3 Energy Harvesting 76
3.1 Wireless Power Transfer 77
3.2 Simultaneous Information and Wireless Power Transfer 78
4 Interference Harvesting for Energy Efficiency 80
4.1 Wireless--empowered Transceiver for Block Transmissions 80
4.2 Wireless--Empowered Transceiver for Full--Duplex Communications 89
5 Conclusion 97
References 98
Multi-operator Collaboration for Green Cellular Networks 102
1 Introduction 103
2 Collaboration of Uniform Mobile Operators 106
2.1 System Model 107
2.2 Green Uncooperative Operators 109
2.3 Green Cooperative Operators and Cooperation Decisions 110
3 Collaboration of Non-uniform Mobile Operators 113
3.1 System Model 113
3.2 Utility Functions and Problem Formulation 114
3.3 Analysis of the Stackelberg Equilibrium 116
4 Results and Discussion 117
4.1 Performance of the Collaboration Between Uniform Mobile Operators 118
4.2 Performance of the Collaboration Between Non-uniform Mobile Operators 121
4.3 Insights from the Results and Future Challenges 125
5 Summary 126
References 126
An Integrated Approach for Functional Decomposition of Future RAN 128
1 Introduction 129
2 Background 131
2.1 BCG2 Architecture 131
2.2 Software Defined Radio Access Networks 132
2.3 The Phantom Cell Concept 133
3 The Integrated Architecture 134
3.1 Signaling Controller 136
3.2 Data Base Stations 141
4 Advantages 143
4.1 Energy Efficiency 143
4.2 Virtualization and RAN Sharing 146
4.3 Enabling Technologies 147
5 Conclusion 147
References 148
Part III Energy Managementin Ad-hoc Networks 150
Cross-Layer Designs for Energy-Efficient Wireless Ad-hoc Networks 151
1 Introduction 151
2 Modeling Energy Consumption in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks 154
3 Cross-Layer Design Using Physical Layer Network Coding 156
3.1 Cooperative Physical Layer Network Coding 156
3.2 CPLNC Based Energy Efficient Routing 160
4 Cross-Layer Design Using Cooperative Type-I ARQ 162
4.1 Energy Consumption of Non-cooperative Type-I ARQ Systems 163
4.2 Cooperative Type-I ARQ Systems 164
4.3 Cooperative ARQ Based Energy Efficient Routing 168
5 Summary 170
References 171
Energy Efficiency of Nonbinary Network-Coded Cooperation 173
1 Introduction 174
2 Preliminaries 176
2.1 System Model 176
2.2 Decode-and-Forward (DF) 177
2.3 Network-Coded Cooperative Communication 178
3 Energy Efficiency 184
3.1 Power Consumption Model 184
3.2 Energy Consumption of the Direct Transmission 185
3.3 Energy Consumption of the Cooperative Schemes 185
4 Numerical Results 187
5 Final Comments 191
References 191
Energy Efficient Fundamental Theory and Technical Approach 193
1 Introduction 194
2 Fundamental Theory on Energy Management 197
2.1 Fundamental Evaluation: Efficiency Metrics 197
2.2 Fundamental Optimization Criterions 201
3 Physical Layer Design 203
3.1 Processor Management 203
3.2 Battery System Management 203
4 Energy Management Schemes in MAC Layer 204
4.1 Spectrum and Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for WANs 204
5 Energy Management in Network Layer 210
5.1 Activity-Level Routing Protocols 211
5.2 Connectivity-Level Routing Protocols 212
6 Cross-Layer Schemes of Energy Management 213
7 Summary 215
References 216
Part IV Energy Management in Cognitive Radio Networks 218
Dynamic Spectrum Leasing for Cognitive Radio Networks---Modelling and Analysis 219
1 Introduction 220
2 Research Objectives and Contributions 222
3 Key Findings 224
4 Previous Work 224
5 System and Network Model for DSL Empowered CRN 226
5.1 Network Geometric and Physical Layer Model 226
5.2 MAC Layer Model and Bargaining Game 228
6 Analysis of DSL 231
6.1 Average Link Capacities Rdir, overlineRps, overlineRspandoverlineRss 231
6.2 Optimal Division of Leased Time for Cooperation and Secondary Activity 233
7 Performance Evaluation of DSL 236
8 Energy Efficiency of Spectrum Leasing Model 240
8.1 Analytical Quantification 240
8.2 Analytic Results 241
9 Summary 245
References 245
Energy-Aware Cognitive Radio Systems 248
1 Introduction 249
2 Energy-Aware Metrics 250
2.1 Energy Efficiency (EE) Metrics 250
2.2 Energy Consumption (EC) Metrics 256
2.3 Utility Metrics 257
2.4 Other Metrics 258
3 Energy-Aware Resource Allocation 259
3.1 Sensing-Less Energy-Aware Resource Allocation 259
3.2 Sensing-Aware Energy-Aware Resource Allocation 265
4 Challenges and Opportunities 270
References 271
Cognitive Radio Energy Saving and Optimization 274
1 Cognitive Radio Energy Saving 274
1.1 Non-coherent Sensing 275
1.2 Decision-Feedback Sensing 280
1.3 Censored Sensing 285
2 Cognitive Radio Energy Optimization 290
3 Conclusions 295
References 296
Part V Energy Management in Emerging Wireless Networks 298
Visible Light Communications for Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Wireless Networks 299
1 Introduction 300
2 Related Work 302
2.1 Energy Efficiency in VLC Networks 302
2.2 Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Networks 303
2.3 Employing VLC in 5G Networks 303
3 System Model 303
3.1 VLC System Model 304
3.2 RF/VLC Heterogeneous System 306
4 Energy Efficiency Maximization Problem 307
5 Numerical Results 309
6 Challenging Issues 312
6.1 MT Spatial Distribution 313
6.2 APs Position Planning 314
6.3 Unlicensed VLC Spectrum 314
6.4 Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation 314
6.5 Mobility of Users 315
7 Conclusions and Future Research 315
References 316
A VANET Based Electric Vehicle Energy Management Information System 318
1 Introduction 319
2 Review of Vehicular Ad hoc Network 321
3 Protocols for Inter-vehicle Communications 324
3.1 Single-Hop Protocols 324
3.2 Multi-hop Protocols 325
4 Electric Vehicle Information Systems 326
4.1 Service Messages in an EVIS 327
4.2 Segment Leader Selection 328
4.3 Multi-hop Time-Slot Reservation Mechanism 328
5 Performance Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Information System 330
6 Conclusions 335
References 335
RF Energy Harvesting Communications: Recent Advances and Research Issues 338
1 Introduction 338
2 Modeling Energy Harvesting 340
2.1 Markovian Model 341
2.2 Storage Capacity Considerations 342
3 Wireless Energy Transfer 344
4 Wireless Energy Powered Relay Selection 348
4.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 350
4.2 Problem Settings 352
5 Relay Selection Schemes 352
5.1 Single Relay Selection (SRS) 353
5.2 Multiple Relay Selection (MRS) 354
5.3 Numerical Results 355
6 Radio Resource Allocation: Challenges and Potential 358
7 Conclusions 359
References 360
Part VI Energy Management Practicesin Wireless Networks 363
EMrise: An Energy Management Platform for WSNs/WBANs 364
1 Introduction 364
2 Related Works 366
3 Motivation 367
4 The Design and Implementation of EMrise 368
4.1 EMrise_SS (EMrise underlineSimulation underlineSystem) 368
4.2 EMrise_MS (EMrise underlineMeasurement underlineSystem) 382
4.3 EMrise_OpS (EMrise underlineOptimization underlineSystem) 388
5 Conclusion 389
References 389
Energy Management in Mobile Networks Towards 5G 393
1 Acronyms 394
2 Introduction and Motivation 394
3 Reference Scenario, Metrics and Power Models 396
3.1 Description of Baseline Reference System 396
3.2 Energy Efficiency Performance Metrics 397
3.3 Power Models 398
4 Energy Efficiency Features 404
4.1 Micro DTX 406
4.2 Intra-sector Traffic Steering 407
5 Energy Efficiency Assessment 410
5.1 Micro Sleep 410
5.2 Intra-sector Traffic Steering 412
6 Summary and Conclusions 421
References 422
Index Coding: A Greener Door for Wireless Networks 424
1 Introduction 424
2 The Index Coding Problem 426
2.1 Model 427
2.2 Relation to the Field Size 428
3 Taxonomy of the Index Coding Problem 430
4 Relationship of the Index Coding Problem to the Matrix Completion Problem 433
5 Hardness Results for the Index Coding Problem 434
5.1 Bounds on the Green Gain 435
6 Solution Techniques 436
6.1 An Optimal Solution to the Index Coding Problem Using Boolean Satisfiability Problem 436
6.2 Computationally Efficient Solutions 438
7 Conclusion 443
References 443
19 Erratum to: RF Energy Harvesting Communications: Recent Advances and Research Issues 446
Erratum to: Chapter ‘RF Energy Harvesting Communications: Recent Advances and Research Issues’ in: M.Z. Shakir et al. (eds.), Energy Management in Wireless Cellularand Ad-hoc Networks, Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 50, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27568-0_15 446