Marion Harney Director of Studies, MSc in the Conservation of Historic Gardens and Cultural Landscapes, University of Bath Devised and directs this postgraduate degree programme, which is taught by leading professionals, expert practitioners and academics and is open to graduates from most disciplines and other professionals with relevant experience wishing to gain a vocational degree.

Contributors vii

Introduction Marion Harney xv

Part I: History and Theory

1 What is it about gardens that you want to conserve? John DixonHunt 1

2 The National Trust approach to garden conservation Mike Calnan9

3 The nature of gardens and their signifi cance John Sales23

4 Some Olla Podrida from the diary of a garden historian RichardWheeler 31

5 On design and process William Martin Wood 47

6 Evolution of principles for the conservation of gardens anddesigned landscapes David Jacques 55

7 Conservation of garden buildings Michael Forsyth 67

8 'Perished Perches': historic garden furniture LisaWhite 79

9 The history and the future of public parks David Lambert91

10 The history and aesthetic development of the cemetery andrelated conservation issues Jonathan Lovie 101

Part II: Survey and Assessment

11 Researching historic parks and gardens David Lambert 117

12 Defi ning signifi cance and developing a conservationphilosophy Sarah Couch 129

13 Science and craft in understanding historic gardens and theirmanagement Peter Thoday 141

14 Garden archaeology Brian Dix 149

15 Conservation arboriculture: the natural art of treemanagement in historic landscapes Neville Fay 153

16 The use of aerial photographs for conservation and researchHelen Winton 163

Part III: Conservation and Management

17 Values in heritage management: conservation plans and beyondKim Auston 173

18 Developing a conservation management plan Sarah Couch 181

19 Public parks and their conservation Hazel Conway 193

20 Conserving historic parks and gardens in a changing climateJenifer White 207

21 Conserving the grey? Management of vegetation without anend-point in culturally important landscapes James Hitchmough219

22 'Plants are fashioned by cultivation, man byeducation' Robert Mattock 227

23 Costing and contracts for historic gardens and landscapesNigel Thorne 239

24 Constraints and working on site: some practical andcontractual problems Mike Ibbotson 247

Part IV: The Legislative Framework

25 Designed landscapes and national designation FridyDuterloo-Morgan 255

26 Conservation legislation in the UK Colin Johns 261

27 Historic parks and gardens: the planning system and otherconservation tools Jonathan Lovie 271

28 The role of the Heritage Lottery Fund in the conservation ofhistoric gardens and designed landscapes Drew Bennellick 283

29 Legal protection for structures, trees and wildlife CharlesMynors 291

30 Easy access to historic landscapes Heather J.L. Smith 301

31 The international context - the European LandscapeConvention Adrian Phillips 309

32 Cultural landscapes and the World Heritage Convention SusanDenyer 321

33 Why should there be any international law relating tomonuments and cultural landscapes? Malcolm Forster 331

Part V: Conservation in Action: Case Studies

34 '. . . with great art, cost, and diligens . . .'- the reconstruction of the Elizabethan Garden at KenilworthCastle Brian Dix 339

35 Paradise restored - a case study exploring therestoration of three of Hestercombe's period gardens PhilipWhite 345

36 Strawberry Hill, Twickenham Marion Harney 357

37 Stourhead - the conservation and management of a'Living work of art' Alan Power 371

38 Hackfall, Yorkshire Patrick James 377

39 Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefi eld Patrick James 385

40 The Roof Gardens, Kensington, London Lynne Bridge 393

41 Lowther Castle & Gardens Dominic Cole 405

42 Monticello Marion Harney 413

43 The Gardens of the Alhambra Farhat A. Hussain 421

44 Central Park, New York City Michael Forsyth 431

Index

"With an august roll call of contributors, Gardens and Landscapes in Historic Building Conservation fills a useful niche . . . Theory and practice are here combined in a rich mix." (Journal of Australian Garden, 1 April 2015)