BRUNO SCROSATI, PhD, has been Professor of Electrochemistry at the Sapienza University of Rome, and a visiting professor at the Universities of Minnesota and Pennsylvania in the U.S., and Hanyang University in South Korea. He is a past president of the Electrochemical Society. He is a recipient of the Research Award from the Battery Division of that society; the Vittorio de Nora Award, also from the Electrochemical Society; and the XVI Edition of the Italgas Prize, Science and Environment. He is the author of more than 450 scientific publications. K. M. ABRAHAM, PhD, is Research Professor at Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology, Boston, and the principal of E-KEM Sciences. He has contributed pioneering work on rechargeable lithium batteries and the invention of new lithium and sodium battery chemical couples, including the ultrahigh-energy density non-aqueous lithium-air battery. He is a Battery Research Award winner and a Fellow of the Electrochemical Society. WALTER VAN SCHALKWIJK, PhD, is Principal at EnergyPlex Corporation and an Affiliate Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Washington. With over thirty years of experience in the battery industry, he is a member of the Electrochemical Society, a past chairman of the society's Nanotechnology Committee, and a past member of its board of directors. He coedited Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries. JUSEF HASSOUN, PhD, is Assistant Research Scientist in the Chemistry Department of the Sapienza University of Rome. He obtained a PhD in materials science in the field of advanced lithium-ion batteries in 2009. He is author of more than sixty papers in international journals in the fields of materials science, electrochemistry, and energy storage systems.

CONTRIBUTORS vii

PREFACE ix

CHAPTER 1 ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS: BASICS 1

Hubert Gasteiger, Katharina Krischer, and Bruno Scrosati

CHAPTER 2 LITHIUM BATTERIES: FROM EARLY STAGES TO THE FUTURE
21

Bruno Scrosati

CHAPTER 3 ADDITIVES IN ORGANIC ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM
BATTERIES 39

Susanne Wilken, Patrik Johansson, and Per Jacobsson

CHAPTER 4 ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES WITH
HIGH-VOLTAGE CATHODES 71

Mengqing Xu, Swapnil Dalavi, and Brett L. Lucht

CHAPTER 5 CORE-SHELL STRUCTURE CATHODE MATERIALS FOR
RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES 89

Seung-Taek Myung, Amine Khalil, and Yang-Kook Sun

CHAPTER 6 PROBLEMS AND EXPECTANCY IN LITHIUM BATTERY
TECHNOLOGIES 107

K. Kanamura

CHAPTER 7 FLUORINE-BASED POLYANIONIC COMPOUNDS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE
ELECTRODE MATERIALS 127

P. Barpanda and J.-M. Tarascon

CHAPTER 8 LITHIUM-AIR AND OTHER BATTERIES BEYOND
LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 161

K. M. Abraham

CHAPTER 9 AQUEOUS LITHIUM-AIR SYSTEMS 191

Owen Crowther and Mark Salomon

CHAPTER 10 POLYMER ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM-AIR BATTERIES
217

Nobuyuki Imanishi and Osamu Yamamoto

CHAPTER 11 KINETICS OF THE OXYGEN ELECTRODE IN LITHIUM-AIR
CELLS 233

Michele Piana, Nikolaos Tsiouvaras, and Juan Herranz

CHAPTER 12 LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS FOR USE IN
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES 265

Catia Arbizzani, Libero Damen, Mariachiara Lazzari, Francesca
Soavi, and Marina Mastragostino

CHAPTER 13 Li4Ti5O12 FOR HIGH-POWER, LONG-LIFE, AND SAFE
LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 277

Zonghai Chen, I. Belharouak, Yang-Kook Sun, and Khalil
Amine

CHAPTER 14 SAFE LITHIIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES BASED ON IONIC
LIQUIDS 291

A. Guerfi, A. Vijh, and K. Zaghib

CHAPTER 15 ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS FOR RECHARGEABLE MAGNESIUM
BATTERIES 327

Y. Gofer, N. Pour, and D. Aurbach

CHAPTER 16 RECHARGEABLE SODIUM AND SODIUM-ION BATTERIES
349

K. M. Abraham

INDEX 369