CONTENTS 6
HISTORY, ISSUES, AND STRUCTURE OF THE ENTIRE PROJECT 10
FOREWORD: THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND NATIONAL SOCIALISM 18
I. OUTLINING THE PROBLEM 22
“PRESERVE OF FULL PROFESSORS” –ON THE HISTORY OF THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION BETWEEN 1920 AND 1970 24
II. HISTORY OF THE INSTITUTION 40
FROM “EMERGENCY” TO “ALLIANCE” – RESEARCHING THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION AS AN INSTITUTION 42
“TOOL OF GERMAN WAR STRATEGY” – THE SCIENCE POLICY OF THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND THE REICH RESEARCH COUNCIL BETWEEN 1920 AND 1945 54
POISED BETWEEN SCIENCE ORGANIZATIONS – THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION, THE KAISER WILHELM SOCIETY, AND THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE 1920–1972 70
FROM EMERGENCY ASSOCIATION TO SERVICE ORGANIZATION – GUIDELINES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1949–1973 86
THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION AS A TOPIC IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE – A COMMENTARY 98
III. NATURAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 104
THE SYNDROME OF FALLING BEHIND – RESOURCE CONSTELLATIONS AND EPISTEMIC ORIENTATIONS IN THE NATURAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 106
ON THE PATH TO TECHNICAL DESIGN – DFG-FUNDED RESEARCH IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1920–1970 120
COMPUTERS FOR SCIENCE – SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE IN THE GERMAN SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM 1870–1970 136
THRIFT MATERIALS, DOMESTIC MATERIALS, AND SUBSTITUTES – METALS RESEARCH IN GERMANY 1920–1970 152
THE “FOUR-YEAR PLAN FOR CHEMISTRY” AND “POLYMER SCIENCE” – THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND CHEMICAL RESEARCH FROM THE 1920s INTO THE 1960s 170
CIVILIAN MILITARY RESEARCH AND THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SCIENCE – A COMMENTARY 188
NATURAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES – A COMMENTARY 194
IV. HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND THE BIOSCIENCES 200
INSTRUMENTAL MODERNITY AND THE DICTATE OF POLITICS – SPONSORSHIP OF MEDICAL RESEARCH BY THE EMERGENCY ASSOCIATION/GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1920–1970 202
FASTER, HIGHER, MIGHTIER – PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH SUPPORT BY THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1920–1970 222
THE PLANNABLE HUMAN –THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN HEREDITY 1920–1970 242
FEVERISH RESEARCH? – GERMAN TROPICAL MEDICINE AS REFLECTED IN ITS FUNDING BY THE EMERGENCY ASSOCIATION/GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1920–1970 256
FRAGMENTATION, COOPERATION, INSTITUTIONALIZATION – GERMAN CANCER RESEARCH WITHIN THE FUNDING HORIZONS OF THE EMERGENCY ASSOCIATION/GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1920–1970 270
CLOSE TO THE STATE AND ORIENTED TOWARD THE FUNDAMENTALS – RESEARCH ON RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY IN THE BIOSCIENCES 1920–1970 284
ENZYMES, HORMONES, VITAMINS – BIOCATALYTIC RESEARCH FUNDED BY THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1920–1970 300
HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND THE BIOSCIENCES –A COMMENTARY 316
V. THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 320
BORDER GUARD AND BORDER CROSSER OF SCIENCE – THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 1920–1970 322
THE WILL FOR RELEVANCY – STATE-SUPPORTED RESEARCH ON LINGUISTICS 1920–1970 336
SURVEYING GERMAN VOLKSKULTUR – THE “ATLAS OF GERMAN FOLKLORE” AND THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1928–1980 348
A MIDWIFE FOR SCIENCE – THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND GERMAN ETHNOLOGY 362
TRANSMITTALS AND TRANSFORMATIONS – RESEARCH ON THE EUROPEAN EAST AND THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1945–1975 378
AGRARIAN SELF-SUFFICIENCY AND RURAL ORDER – GERMAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 1920–1960 396
VI. SCIENCE, SCIENCE POLICY, AND THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 404
SPONSORSHIP OF SCIENCE UNDER NATIONAL SOCIALISM – AN ALMOST EVERYDAY STORY? A COMMENTARY ON THE RESEARCH PROGRAM “THE GERMAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1920–1970” 406
“MR. DFG” WALTHER GERLACH (1889–1979) – PHYSICIST, SCIENCE FUNCTIONARY, AND PUBLIC REPRESENTATIVE 414
THE RULES OF SCIENCE – SCIENCE UNDER NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE 432
CONDITIONAL UPHEAVALS – THOUGHTS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCIENCE AND POLITICS IN THE WEST GERMAN POSTWAR PERIOD 440
THE GERMAN PROFESSOR IN THE THIRD REICH – FOUR BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 450
INSTITUTIONAL ABBREVIATIONS 470
BIBLIOGRAPHY 472
LIST OF AUTHORS 514