Editorial 6
Contents 8
Christoph Böhringer, Tim Hoffmann, and Thomas F. Rutherford: Alternative Strategies for Promoting Renewable Energy in EU Electricity Markets 10
Abstract 10
1. Introduction 10
2. Policy Background: Promoting Renewables in Europe 12
3. Numerical Framework 14
3.1 Model Summary 14
3.2 Parameterization 16
4. Policy Scenarios and Results 17
4.1 Policy Scenarios 17
4.2 Simulation Results 18
5. Conclusions 21
References 21
Appendix: Algebraic Model Description 23
Christian von Hirschhausen: Alternative Strategies for Promoting Renewable Energy in EU Electricity Markets. Comment 28
1. Main Arguments of the Paper 28
2. Questions about the Paper 29
3. General Questions on Renewable Deployment 30
References 30
Gernot Klepper: Biofuels and Climate Policy 32
1. Introduction 32
2. The Context for Assessing Biofuels as a Part of Climate Policy 33
3. The Market for Biofuels 35
4. Government Support for Biofuels 37
5. How Much Contribute Biofuels to Climate Protection? 39
6. Policy Options for Biofuel and Bioenergy Policies 43
References 46
Hans-Dieter Karl: Investments of the German Electricity-Supply Industry 48
Abstract 48
1. Features of Electricity Investments 48
2. The Development of the Electricity Sector in Germany 49
3. Conditions for Electricity-Sector Investments 53
4. Electricity Supply Investments to 2025 56
5. Effects of the Alterations of the Electricity Supply 57
References 60
Ingo Ellersdorfer, Stephan Kempe, Uwe Remme, Markus Blesl, Ulrich Fahl, and Alfred Voß: Investments of the German Electricity-Supply Industry. Comment 62
Abstract 62
1. Background 62
2. Model 63
3. Scenarios 64
4. Conclusions 68
References 69
Reinhard Madlener and Pio Baake: Asymmetric Strategic Investment Behavior in Network Industries: the Case of Natural Gas Distribution in Norway 70
Abstract 70
1. Introduction 70
2. Competing Natural Gas Distribution Systems as a Case Study 72
2.1 General Considerations About Pipeline vs. LNG Supply Systems 72
2.2 Retail LNG Distribution in Norway 73
3. Dynamic Strategic Optimization Model 74
3.1 Basic Model Set-up 74
3.2 Optimal Investment and Network Expansion 76
3.2.1 Consumer-related Infrastructure 76
3.2.2 Distribution Infrastructure 77
3.3 Illustrative Example 78
4. Discussion and Conclusions 80
5. Acknowledgements 81
References 81
Till Requate: Asymmetric Strategic Investment Behavior in Network Industries: the Case of Natural Gas Distribution in Norway. Comment 84
Franziska Holz: How Dominant is Russia on the European Natural Gas Market? Results from Modeling Exercises 86
Abstract 86
1. Introduction 86
2. Where Do We Stand – Quantifying Russian Exports to Europe 87
3. A Market Power Model of the European Natural Gas Market 88
3.1 GASMOD Model Description 88
3.2 Data 90
4. Which Market Share for Russia Today and in the Future? 92
4.1 Alternative Market Scenarios 92
4.2 Russian Exports to Europe until 2025 94
5. Russian Exports to Liberalized European Markets 97
6. Conclusions 100
References 101
Ulf Moslener: How Dominant is Russia on the European Natural Gas Market? Comment 104
1. A Topical Issue 104
2. The Modeling Framework 105
3. Useful Insights 105
4. A Difficult Question 107
Participants 108