Ferhan Çeçen is currently a professor at the Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogaziçi University in Istanbul, where she received a B.Sc.degree in chemical engineering. She gained her M.Sc .and Ph.D. degrees in environmental engineering from Istanbul Technical University. She has published extensively on the nitrification, denitrification, biological and advanced treatment of industrial wastewaters, adsorption of pollutants from water and wastewater, as well as on the biodegradation of hazardous pollutants, and the impact of heavy metals and organochlorine compounds on activated sludge and biofilm systems. Over the past decade, her research has focused on the integration of adsorption with biological treatment processes in both wastewater and water treatment. Özgür Aktas is currently a researcher at the Environment Institute of TUBITAK Marmara Research Center. Previously he was a research assistant at the Institute of Environmental Sciences in Bogaziçi University. He received his B.Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Environmental Technology from the Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogaziçi University in Istanbul. His research focuses on activated carbon adsorption in biological processes and bioregeneration of activated carbon in these combined systems.

Preface

WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION AND ITS INTEGRATION WITH BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Historical Appraisal of Activated Carbon
General Use of Activated Carbon
Application of Activated Carbon in Environmental Pollution

FUNDAMENTALS OF ADSORPTION INTO ACTIVATED CARBON IN WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Activated Carbon
Adsorption
Activated Carbon Reactors in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Activated Carbon Regeneration and Reactivation

INTEGRATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Secondary and Tertiary Treatment: Progression from Separated Biological Removal and Adsorption to Integrated Systems
Fundamental Mechanisms in Integrated Adsorption and Biological Removal
Integration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) into Biological Wastewater Treatment
Integration of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) into Biological Wastewater Treatment
Biomembrane Operation Assisted by PAC and GAC
Observed Benefits of Integrated Systems
Regeneration of PACT and GAC Sludges

EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CARBON ON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC POLLUTANTS AND WASTEWATERS: LABORATORY- AND PILOT-SCALE STUDIES
Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters
Removal of Specific Chemicals
Landfill Leachate Treatment

COMBINATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON WITH BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT AT FULL-SCALE
Full-Scale PACT Systems
Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Filtration at Full-Scale

MODELING THE INTEGRATION OF ADSORPTION WITH BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Modeling of GAC Adsorbers with Biological Activity
Modeling of the PACT Process

BIOREGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Mechanisms of Bioregeneration
Offline Bioregeneration
Concurrent (Simultaneous) Bioregeneration in PACT and BAC Systems
Dependency of Bioregeneration on the Reversibility of Adsorption
Other Factors Affecting Bioregeneration
Determination of Bioregeneration
Bioregeneration in Anaerobic/Anoxic Systems
Models Involving Bioregeneration of Activated Carbon

COMBINATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT
Introduction
Rationale for Introduction of Biological Processes in Water Treatment
Significance of Organic Matter in Water Treatment
Removal of NOM in Conventional Water Treatment
Use of Activated Carbon in Water Treatment
Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Filtration
Adsorption and Biodegradation Characteristics of Water

REMOVAL OF NOM, NUTRIENTS AND MICROPOLLUTANTS IN BAC FILTRATION
Removal of Organic Matter
Factors Affecting the Performance of BAC Filtration
Performance of BAC Filters: Organics Removal
Performance of BAC Filters: Nutrient Removal
Removal of Micropollutants from Drinking Water in BAC Systems
Removal of Ionic Pollutants in BAC Filtration
Integration of PAC and GAC into Biological Membrane Operations
Integration of GAC into Groundwater Bioremediation
Biomass Characteristics in BAC Filtration

BAC FILTRATION EXAMPLES IN FULL-SCALE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Limits for BDOC and AOC as Indicators of RE-Growth Potential in Water Distribution
BAC Filtration Experiences in Full-Scale Surface Water Treatment
New Approaches in the Evaluation of Ozonation and BAC Filtration
BAC Filtration Experiences in Full-Scale Groundwater Treatment

REVIEW OF BAC FILTRATION MODELING IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT
Substrate Removal and Biofilm Formation
Modeling of BAC Filtration

CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
Overview of Applications in Wastewater and Water Treatment: PACT and BAC Systems
Further Research on Removal Mechanisms and Micropollutant Elimination
Further Research on Regeneration of Activated Carbon