Residential Location Choice (eBook)

Francesca Pagliara is Assistant Professor at the Department of Transportation Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II John Preston is Professor at the Transportation Research Group, School of Civil Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton David Simmonds is a Director of David Simmonds Consultancy Ltd, Cambridge, England

Contents 6
Contributors 8
The State-of-the-Art in Building Residential Location Models 10
1 Introduction 10
1.1 Theory and Method 12
1.2 Categorisation of Residential Decision Makers 13
1.3 Treatment of Space 13
2 Models Described in This Book 14
References 26
Stated Preference Examination of Factors Influencing Residential Attraction 30
1 Introduction 30
2 Survey 31
2.1 Survey Interview Design 31
2.2 Conducting the Survey 35
2.3 Resulting Sample as Representation of Population 35
3 Analysis Approach 36
3.1 Logit Model Form and Statistics 36
4 Results 39
4.1 Presentation Format 39
4.2 All Households 39
4.3 Relative Influence of Elements for All Households 47
4.4 Low Income Households 48
4.5 High Income Households 51
4.6 Households with Children Under 18-Years Old 53
4.7 Other Sub-samples of Households 53
5 Conclusions 55
5.1 Validity of Results 55
5.2 Principal Findings 56
5.3 Further Work 58
Appendix: Estimation Results 59
References 68
DRAM Residential Location and Land Use Model: 40 Years of Development and Application 69
1 Introduction 69
2 The Residential Location Model: DRAM 70
3 Location Surplus as an Output Measure from DRAM 73
4 Procedures for Calculation of Land Consumption: LANCON 74
5 Model Calibration 75
6 Asymptotic t-Statistics in DRAM Calibrations 77
7 Location Elasticities for DRAM and EMPAL 77
8 The Consistent Imposition of Constraints on Location 79
9 Linked Transportation and Land Use Model Runs 80
10 Concluding Thoughts 81
References 83
The DELTA Residential Location Model 85
1 Objectives and Scope of the DELTA Package 85
2 The DELTA Sub-models 86
3 Specification of the Residential Location Model 87
3.1 Scope of the Residential Location Sub-model 87
3.2 The Households To Be Located 88
3.3 Specification of the Model: Location Equations 89
3.4 Floorspace Variables 90
3.5 Location Sub-model: Households´ Change in Utility of Location 91
3.6 Utility of Consumption Variables 92
3.7 Accessibility Variables 93
3.8 Environmental Variables 94
3.9 Quality Variables 94
3.10 Solution Process 95
4 Calibration and Validation of the Residential Location Model 95
4.1 Approach 95
4.2 Sources Used 95
5 Application of the Residential Location Model 96
5.1 Completed Applications 96
6 Example Results 97
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 Housing Policy Impacts 97
6.3 Transport Policy Impacts 100
7 Recent and Current Developments 101
7.1 Treatment of Travel Costs 102
7.2 Representing Different Categories of New Housing 102
7.3 Modelling Short-Distance Moves 102
7.4 Other Developments 103
8 Conclusion 103
References 104
The MUSSA II Land Use Auction Equilibrium Model 106
1 Introduction 106
2 The Consumers´ Behaviour 108
3 The Equilibrium Problem 109
4 The Probabilistic Bid-Auction Sub-model 112
5 Real Estate Supply Sub-model 114
6 Equilibrium 115
7 Modelling Constraints on Behaviour 116
8 The Equilibrium Equation Systems 117
9 Application 118
References 120
The Impact of Transport Policy on Residential Location 121
1 Introduction 122
1.1 Review of Previous Study 123
1.2 Empirical Framework 124
2 Model Calibration and Validation 125
2.1 Model Specification and Calibration 125
2.2 Estimation Results and Validation 126
2.3 Comparison Between Actual and Estimated Probabilities 128
2.4 Application of the Hedonic Price Model to the Study Area 132
3 Model Application and Policy Simulation 133
3.1 Road User Charge 135
3.2 Fuel Duty Increase 136
3.3 Fuel Duty Decrease 136
3.4 Introduction of the GTE System 138
4 Conclusions 139
References 141
The Influence of Accessibility on Residential Location 143
1 Introduction 143
1.1 Modeling Household Behavior 144
1.2 The Scope of a Model 146
1.3 The Context and Purpose of the Paper 147
1.4 Price Determination and Location Choice 151
2 An Integrated Framework for Location and Travel Choices 152
2.1 Specifying the Activity-Trip Mapping 156
2.2 Solving the Activity-Travel Problem 158
3 Estimating the Travel Model 161
4 Estimating the Location Choice Model 163
4.1 The Location Choice Probability 163
4.2 Data and Estimation Methodology 164
4.3 Estimation Results 166
5 Conclusions 168
References 169
Modeling Residential Location in UrbanSim 171
1 Introduction 171
2 Overview of UrbanSim 172
3 The Household Location Choice Model 173
4 Data Structure and Preparation 177
5 Specification and Estimation 180
6 Calibration and Validation 182
7 Software Implementation 183
8 Conclusions 184
References 185
Household Behaviour in the Oregon2 Model 187
1 Introduction 188
2 Oregon2 Model Framework 188
3 Household Allocations Module 189
3.1 Definitions and Categories 189
3.2 Process 192
3.3 Primary Home Choice Structure 194
3.4 Job Choice Structure 195
4 Land Development Module 202
4.1 Definitions and Categories 202
4.2 Process 202
5 Parameter Development and Model Calibration 207
6 Conclusions 209
References 213
The Residential Choice Module in the Albatross and Ramblas Model Systems 215
1 Introduction 215
2 Ramblas 217
3 Albatross 218
4 Treatment of Residential Choice Behaviour 219
4.1 Creation of a Synthetic Baseline Population at t=0 Reflecting the Spatial Distribution of Residences 220
4.2 Dynamic Residential Choice Behaviour 222
4.3 Reflection and Future Work 223
5 Conclusions and Discussion 227
References 227
A Microsimulation Model of Household Location 229
1 Introduction 229
2 The Choice of Modelling Approach 230
3 The SWYSimM Area 232
4 The Aggregate Components of SimDELTA 233
5 Static Model Implementation 235
6 Dynamic Model Implementation 237
6.1 Individual Demographics and Other Changes 237
6.2 Household Changes 240
6.3 Employment 241
6.4 Household Location 242
6.5 Completion of the Microsimulation 244
7 Conclusions 244
References 246
Conclusions 248
1 Introduction 248
2 The Representation of the System 249
2.1 Factors Influencing Residential Choice 250
2.2 The Treatment of Dynamics 250
2.3 Issues of Interdependence 251
2.4 Representation of Planning Policies or Zoning Controls 251
2.5 Closing Observations 252
About the Editors 254