Frontiers in Entrepreneurship (eBook)

Contents 6
Acknowledgements 9
Biographies of authors 10
Preface 12
Introduction 15
Chapter 1 Early thinking andthe emergence of entrepreneurship 18
1.1 Introduction 18
1.2 Ancient era 19
1.3 Medieval era 21
1.4 Pre-industrial revolution 22
1.5 Classical economic bases 23
1.6 Neo-classical economic theory 26
1.7 Austrian Market Process (AMP) 29
1.8 Multidisciplinary entrepreneurship contributions 32
1.9 Environment vs. the individual 34
1.10 Entrepreneurship as a distinctive domain 35
(1) Conceptual framing 37
(2) The opportunity construct 39
(3) Episodic knowledge 39
(4) Statistical methods 40
1.11 Contemporary entrepreneurial research 41
1.12 Conclusion 44
References and further readings 45
Chapter 2 Entrepreneurship as a discipline and field of study 50
2.1 Introduction 50
2.2 Entrepreneurship as an emerging enquiry 51
2.3 Criteria and rationale for entrepreneurship studies 52
2.4 Obstacles constraining the development of entrepreneurship 54
2.5 The study of entreprenology 56
2.6 Entrepreneurship embodied in differentparadigms 58
2.7 Entrepreneurship as an established discipline 60
(1) The field must be distinguishable 60
(2) Systematic theory and an established body of literature should exist 60
(3) Authority and professional associations are established 60
(4) Ethical codes and culture are prevalent 61
(5) Career prospects exist 61
2.8 Participation in entrepreneurship studies 61
2.9 Offerings and pedagogy in entrepreneurship 66
2.10 Entrepreneurship vs. generic management 71
2.11 Entrepreneurship as a field of study in an African context 73
2.12 Conclusion 76
References and further readings 77
Chapter 3 Economic perspectives of entrepreneurship 80
3.1 Introduction 80
3.2 Theories of entrepreneurship and economics 81
3.3 Entrepreneurship in economics 83
3.4 Entrepreneurship and development 87
(1) Easy to start and grow a business 91
(2) Rewards for productive entrepreneurial activity 91
(3) Disincentives for unproductive activity 92
(4) Keeping the winners on their toes 92
3.5 Government, economic policy, and entrepreneurship 94
3.6 Entrepreneurship in African development 96
3.7 Immigration as a case for the institutional impact on entrepreneurship 97
3.8 Conclusion 100
References and further readings 100
Chapter 4 Entrepreneurship in the field of development economics 102
4.1 Introduction 102
4.2 Entrepreneurship and the task of development economics 104
Behavioural definitions 105
Occupational definitions 106
Outcomes definition 106
Resonance with development economics 107
(1) The relevance of behavioural entrepreneurship 107
(2) The relevance of occupational entrepreneurship 108
(3) The relevance of entrepreneurial outcome definitions 110
4.3 Comparative profile of entrepreneurship acros sthe world 111
Entrepreneurship as self-employment 112
Entrepreneurship as new business formation 115
4.4 Theoretical considerations on economic development and entrepreneurship 117
Structural economic transformation, innovation-driven growth, and entrepreneurship 117
Undermining economic development 122
(1) Perverse allocation of entrepreneurial talent 123
(2) Low quality entrepreneurs 124
4.5 Conclusion 124
References and further readings 127
Chapter 5 Creating value and innovation through social entrepreneurship 132
5.1 Introduction 132
5.2 Social entrepreneurship as an emerging phenomenon 133
5.3 Social entrepreneurship vs. corporate social responsibility 134
5.4 Drivers of social entrepreneurship 135
5.5 Conceptualising social entrepreneurship 136
5.6 Collective social entrepreneurship and culture 139
5.7 Venture philanthropy 141
5.8 Social vs. commercial entrepreneurship 143
5.9 Social entrepreneurship practices and leadership 146
5.10 Social venture franchising 150
5.11 Challenges facing social entrepreneurs 151
5.12 Conclusion 152
References and further readings 153
Chapter 6 The entrepreneurial organisation 156
6.1 Introduction 156
6.2 Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) 157
6.3 The entrepreneurial organisation (EO) 157
6.4 Creating an entrepreneurial organisation 158
6.5 Entrepreneurial strategy 160
6.6 Human resources 161
6.7 Organisational structure 162
6.8 Culture 163
6.9 Entrepreneurial politics 163
6.10 Management and leadership 165
6.11 Creating the EO: Obstacles and limitations 168
6.12 The importance of corporate entrepreneurship 170
6.13 Conclusion 172
References and further readings 173
Chapter 7 Theoretical perspectives on culture and entrepreneurship 176
7.1 Introduction 176
7.2 Perspectives on cultural theory 177
7.3 Culture and values 179
7.4 National cultures and cultural dimensions 181
7.5 Cultural influences on entrepreneurship 183
7.6 Entrepreneurial behaviour and interactions with culture 186
7.7 African culture and entrepreneurship 190
7.8 Entrepreneurial archetype in different cultures 193
7.9 Culture as a moderator of entrepreneurship 195
7.10 Conclusion 200
References and further readings 201
Index 207