e-Research Collaboration (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 16
Part I e-Research Collaboration: Theory 20
An Overview of e-Research Collaboration 21
1 Introduction 21
2 Social Networks and Research Collaboration 24
3 Web Technologies, Social Networks and e-Research Collaboration 24
4 An Overview of This Book 25
5 Part One: e-Research Collaboration: Theory 26
6 Part Two: e-Research Collaboration: Technologies 27
7 Part Three: e-Research Collaboration: Challenges 28
8 Conclusions 30
References 30
An Anatomy of Collaboration Within the Online Environment 32
1 Introduction to Collaboration Theory 32
2 Defining Collaboration 33
2.1 Cooperation 33
2.2 Coordination 34
2.3 Collaboration 35
3 Essential Elements of Collaboration 36
3.1 Communication 36
3.2 Trust and Respect 37
3.3 Equality and Power 38
3.4 Strategic Alliances 39
3.5 Incentive and Value 40
3.6 Negotiation 40
3.7 Inter-organisational Knowledge Sharing 41
4 Comparison of Cooperation, Coordination and Collaboration 42
5 Practical Implications for Collaboration Theory 47
References 49
Time, Place and Cyberspace: Foundations for Successful e-Research Collaboration 52
1 Introduction 52
2 Context: Role of Communication in Collaborations 53
3 Methodology: Case Study of Digital Humanities Community 56
4 Findings: e-Research Communication Tools, Uses and Drawbacks 57
5 Implications of Research Results: Finding the Balance Between e-Research Tools and In-person Communications 60
6 Conclusions and Recommendations for Global Research Teams 63
References 64
Gaps and Bridges in Interdisciplinary Knowledge Integration 66
1 Introduction 66
2 Knowledge Integration Within and Beyond Epistemic Cultures 68
3 The Puzzle of Interdisciplinary Knowledge Integration 68
4 Research Approach 71
5 COMDEV 71
6 Collaboration Gaps and Bridges 72
6.1 Collaboration Bridges 73
7 Entrepreneurial Gaps 74
8 Entrepreneurial Bridges 76
9 Conclusion 77
References 80
Building a Conceptual Framework for Creating New Knowledge Through a Virtual Interdisciplinary Environment Process 82
1 Introduction 83
2 A Structure for Knowledge Creation 84
3 Theoretical Considerations 85
4 Discussion 85
5 Towards A Conceptual Framework 87
6 Conceptual Framework Application to Process Design 90
7 Consortium Activities, Tools and Modifications 91
7.1 Communications Tools 92
7.2 Analytical Tools 92
7.3 Index for Knowledge Co-Creation 94
7.4 GIS 94
8 Evaluation 94
9 Learning About e-Research 95
10 Conclusion 96
References 97
Part II e-Research Collaboration: Technologies 100
Serverless Social Software for Nomadic Collaboration 101
1 Introduction 101
2 Background 102
2.1 Common Issues in Collaboration Systems 104
2.2 Decentralized, Nomadic Collaboration Systems 104
3 Social, Collaborative Bibliographies with PBDMS 106
3.1 Architecture and Basic Network Communication in PBDMS 107
3.2 Peer Discovery 108
3.3 Peer Authentication 108
3.4 Delay-Tolerant Communication for Nomadic Collaboration 109
3.5 Following Friends´ Bibliographies with Subscriptions 110
4 Collaborative Mindmapping with Sharedmind 110
4.1 Architecture of FreeMind 111
4.2 SharedMind: Use Cases and Architecture 111
4.3 Communication Layer: Real-Time P2P Messaging 112
4.4 Synchronous Editing By Action Exchanges 113
4.5 Asynchronous, Nomadic Mind-Mapping 114
5 Related Tools for Research Collaboration 117
6 Conclusions and Perspectives 118
References 119
A Taxonomy of e-Research Collaboration Tools: Using Web 2.0 to Connect, Collaborate and Create with Research Partners 121
1 Introduction 121
2 e-Research Collaborative Environments 123
2.1 Connecting with Colleagues 123
2.2 Communication with Research Partners 124
2.3 Creating Collaborative Research 124
3 e-Research Collaborative Tools 125
3.1 MyNetResearch (http://www.mynetresearch.com/Application.aspx) 125
3.2 Sakai (http://www.sakaiproject.org/portal) 126
3.3 OMII-UK (http://www.omii.ac.uk/index.jhtml) 126
3.4 Ning (http://www.ning.com/) 127
3.5 VERA (http://vera.rdg.ac.uk/index.php) 127
3.6 MyExperiment (http://www.myexperiment.org/) 128
4 e-Research Add-on Tools 128
4.1 RSS Feed Readers 128
4.2 Social Bookmarking Tools 128
4.3 Collaborative Writing Tools 129
4.4 Survey Creation Tools 129
4.5 Bibliographic Tools 130
5 Conclusion 130
6 Recommendations for the Future of e-Research Environments 131
References 132
Blogging to Accelerate Peer Review of Doctoral Dissertations 133
1 The Wisdom of Crowds 133
2 Peer Review in the 21st Century 134
3 E-Research Collaboration in Doctoral Studies 135
4 Peer Review in the Web 2.0 Internet Age 135
5 Blogging for Massively Parallel Peer Review in Doctoral Work 136
6 Privacy, Originality, and Other Concerns in the Web 2.0 Era 137
7 A Prescriptive Blogging Method for the Development of Collaborative, Accelerated, Peer Reviewed Content 138
7.1 Selecting the Blogging Platform 138
7.2 Creating the Blog 139
7.3 Publishing Initial Subject Content 140
7.4 Building a Community of Interest and Soliciting Feedback 141
7.5 Developing New Content 142
7.6 Comments and Comments on Comments 143
7.7 Special Posts - Publishing Aggregated Work in Process - Blogging for Massively Parallel Review 144
7.8 Optimizing Peer Review with Blog Statistics 145
7.9 Finalizing and Publishing the Draft Thesis 145
8 Summary 146
References 146
The Butterfly Effect: An Approach to Web-Based Scientific Data Distribution and Management with Linkages to Climate Data and the Semantic Web 148
1 Introduction 148
2 Case Study: California Butterflies in a Shifting Climate 150
2.1 Field Site: The Butterfly Web Interface 151
2.2 The Public Interface: Education and Citizen Science 151
2.3 Trust and Access Rights 152
2.4 Publishing Data 153
3 Data Management and System Architecture 153
3.1 Common Sense: Using an Open Source Toolkit to provide Open Content 154
3.2 System Architecture and Overview 154
3.3 Managing Website Content and Research Data 155
3.4 Accessing Data 156
3.5 Linking Data Relationally 157
3.6 Other Database Best Practices 158
3.7 Linked Data and the Semantic Web 159
3.8 Semantic Online Data Access (SODA) 161
4 Best Practices and Recommendations for Academic Research Teams 161
4.1 System Hardware Considerations 162
4.2 Development and Production Environments 162
4.3 Download, Install, and Configure Applications and Modules 162
4.3.1 Installing a LAMP Server 162
4.3.2 Download Drupal Web Framework 163
4.3.3 Configuring Web Environment 163
4.4 Design and Build Website 163
4.5 Data and Content Management 164
4.6 Maintenance and Security Concerns 164
4.7 Making Knowledge Accessible 164
4.8 Customizations 165
5 Conclusions 165
References 166
Collaboration Among e-Research Projects in the UK: An Analysis Using Online Research Methods 167
1 Introduction 167
2 e-Research 168
3 Online Research into e-Research 170
3.1 Content Analysis Using Tag Clouds 170
3.2 Hyperlink Analysis 173
4 Discussion 175
5 Best Practices and Recommendations for Academic Research Teams 176
6 Conclusion 178
References 179
e-Research in International Cooperation Networks in Science and Technology Research 181
1 Contextual Framework 182
1.1 The Euro-Mediterranean SandT Research Cooperation Context 182
2 Design of an Organizational KM Strategy to Support VCops 183
2.1 Theoretical Framework: Fundamentals of VCoPs 183
2.2 Towards the Establishment of an Organizational KM Strategy 185
2.3 From Socialization to Externalization Knowledge Processes 186
2.4 From Externalization to Combination Knowledge Processes 190
2.4.1 O-KMS ICT Platform Design Requirements 191
2.4.2 Establishment of a Common Knowledge Workflow Methodology 195
2.4.3 Articulation of Shared Knowledge Artefacts 196
2.4.4 SKA Combination Process 196
2.4.5 SKA Review 198
2.5 From Combination to Internalization Knowledge Processes 198
2.6 From Internalization to Socialization Knowledge Processes 200
2.6.1 Towards the Next O-KMS Strategy Cycle Iteration 201
2.7 Discussion and Analysis Model of the Impact of the O-KM Strategy Processes 202
2.7.1 Measuring the Knowledge Creation Process 204
2.7.2 Definition of the Indicators 204
3 The INCONET MIRA e-Research Collaboration Tool 206
3.1 Preliminary Assessment Analysis and On-going Impact 207
4 First Conclusions 209
Appendix. Glossary of Key Terms Used, Their Acronyms and Definitions 210
References 211
Wikis in Design Engineering Research 214
1 Introduction 214
2 Studies of Wiki Software for Design Engineering Research 216
2.1 Graduate Teaching 216
2.2 Automotive Research 217
2.2.1 Change Notification 218
2.2.2 Comments 218
2.2.3 Editable Tables 219
2.2.4 Spreadsheet Function 219
2.2.5 Page Tags 220
3 The Xiki Wiki Engine 221
4 Xiki Projects 225
4.1 Abib: An Annotated Bibliography System 225
4.2 Ded: The Design Engineering Dictionary 225
4.3 Lenk: A Linked Encyclopedic Resource 226
5 Recommendations for Researchers 226
5.1 Mandate Wiki Usage 227
5.2 Wikis Are Most Helpful for Richly Collaborative Settings 227
5.3 Allow for A Change of Mindset 227
5.4 Champions Are Essential 227
5.5 WYSIWYG Matters for Beginners 227
5.6 Change Notification Is Important 228
5.7 Expect Usage to Vary Depending on the Kind of Content to be Stored 228
5.8 Discourage Private Collections of Information 228
5.9 Recommendations for Wiki Implementations 228
6 Conclusions 229
References 229
Shifting the Research Grant Collaboration Paradigm with Research 2.0 231
1 Introduction 231
2 Driving Forces of Web 2.0 232
3 Web 2.0 + Research = Research 2.0 Portals 234
4 Grant Collaboration with MyNetResearch 236
4.1 Research Awareness 237
4.2 Research Networking 239
4.3 Research Management 240
5 Guidelines for Selecting Research 2.0 Portals 241
6 Conclusions 243
References 244
Doctoral Programs in the Age of Research 2.0 245
1 Introduction 245
2 Who Is Generation Y? 246
3 Generation Y in Academia 247
4 Life of a Doctoral Student 247
5 Research 2.0 = Web 2.0 + Generation Y + Intellectual Craftsman 249
6 Doctoral Student Development Under Research 2.0 (MNR Example) 251
6.1 Research Awareness 253
6.2 Research Networking 253
6.3 Research Management 254
7 Conclusion 256
References 257
Part III e-Research Collaboration: Challenges 259
Issues Related to Research Ethics in e-Research Collaboration 260
1 Introduction 260
2 Technology and Research 262
3 Research Collaboration 263
3.1 Why Collaborate? 263
3.1.1 Collaboration Ensures Greater Sharing of Resources and Expertise 264
3.1.2 Collaboration Ensures Greater Networking and Cooperation for Scientific Advancement 264
3.1.3 Collaboration Offers Greater Opportunities for Technology, Skills, and Knowledge Transfer 264
3.2 Challenges of Collaborating 265
3.3 e-Research Collaboration 265
4 Ethical Issues in e-Research Collaboration 268
5 Conclusion 271
References 272
The Coming ``République des Lettres´´ 273
The Academic World and the Web 2.0 Risksand Challenges 273
1 Introduction 273
2 Wandering in the Library of Babel 275
3 To Be or Not to Be in the Network 278
4 Collaboration Without Borders 282
5 Conclusion 284
References 285
E-Research Collaboration and the Free-Rider Problem: Communication Solutions to Social Dilemmas in Computer Mediated Research 286
1 Introduction 286
2 Social Dilemmas and E-Research: The Free-Rider Problem 287
3 Communication and Cooperation: Why Does Communication Matter? 288
4 Computer-Mediated Communication: Specific Challenges to Social Dilemmas 290
5 Solutions to Overcoming the Problems of Computer-mediated Communication 292
6 Conclusion 295
References 296
Knowledge Sharing by Web 2.0 in Real Estate and Construction Discipline 298
1 Introduction 298
2 Web 2.0 299
3 Knowledge and Knowledge Sharing 300
4 Web 2.0 Technologies 301
4.1 Blogs 301
4.2 Wikis 302
4.3 RSS feeds (Really Simple Syndication) 302
4.4 Professional Web-Based Communities 303
5 Resistance to Use Web 2.0 in Knowledge Sharing 305
6 Motivations in Sharing Knowledge by Web 2.0 307
6.1 Theory X 307
6.2 Theory Y 307
6.3 Need´s Theory 308
6.4 Vroom´s Expectancy Theory 308
7 Conclusion 309
References 310
Creation of Social Capital in a Web Based Virtual Research Environment 311
1 Introduction 311
2 e-Research Collaborative Networks 312
3 The Role of Social Capital in Collaborative Research 314
4 Web 2.0 Virtual Collaborative Research Environment and Virtual Teams 315
5 Dynamic Life Cycle of a Virtual Collaborative Research Team 316
6 Discussion 319
7 Summary 320
References 321
About the Contributors 323
Index 330