Advances in Transport Phenomena (eBook)

Preface 5
Serial Editorial Board 6
Contents 7
List of Contributors 8
Recent Advances in Understanding Gas and Aerosol Transport in the Lungs: Application to Predictions of Regional Deposition 9
Gas Transport in the Respiratory Tract 10
Bulk Convection, Longitudinal Mixing, Diffusion and Dispersion 10
Cardiogenic Gas Mixing 13
Aerosol Transport in the Respiratory Tract 14
Trumpet Model-1D Transport Equation 14
Two and Three Dimensional Models of the Alveolated Region of the Lung 17
Aerosol Bolus Dispersion Experiments and Models 18
Models Considering Motion and Structure of the Alveolar Region 20
Semi-empirical Models Including Recent Understandings of Transport in Acinus 25
Hygroscopic (Unstable) Aerosols 28
Diseased Lungs 28
Summary 30
References 30
Mass Transfer Phenomena in Nuclear Waste Packages 39
Introduction 39
Fundamental Concepts of Waste Conditioning Matrices 43
Spent Fuel 44
Glass 50
Cement 55
Transfer Phenomena Related to the Evolution of the Dry Waste Package 58
Introduction 58
Helium Behavior in Spent Fuel 59
Hydrogen Transfer in Cement Materials 65
Transfer Phenomena Related to the Package Evolution in Contact with Water: Physicochemical Changes and Radioelement Transfer 74
Aqueous Alteration of Waste Package Materials 75
Radionuclide Transport and Retention in These Matrices 111
Conclusion 125
References 128
Heat Transfer and Rheological Behaviour of Nanofluids – A Review 142
Introduction 142
Transport Properties of Nanofluids 143
Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids 143
Rheological Behaviour of Nanofluids 152
Thermal Conductivity Prediction Based on the Rheological Information 162
Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids 165
Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids 165
Natural Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids 169
Boiling Heat Transfer of Nanofluids 170
Concluding Remarks 173
Symbols 174
References 176
Nanofluids of the Future 185
Introduction 185
Microscale Manipulation: Microfluidic Nanofluids 186
Macroscale Heat Conduction: Thermal Waves 194
Macroscale Heat-Conduction Models 196
Thermal Waves 208
Megascale Optimization: Constructal Nanofluids 215
Constructal Design of Particle Volume Fraction 215
Constructal Microstructure 227
Concluding Remarks 242
References 243
Author Index 250