New Understanding of Terrorism (eBook)
XVIII, 366 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4419-0115-6 (ISBN)
Terrorism is a complex phenomenon that cannot be understood through reading of a number of unrelated academic articles or a dry overview of the history of terrorism or the investigative techniques.
For A New Understanding of Terrorism, the Editors have chosen a different paradigm. They have selected numerous case studies from actual events that illustrate various typologies of terrorist actions, be it from a separatist, nationalist, lone-wolf individual terrorist, religious fanatics or environmentalist orientation, and they present these cases within the context of following the trajectories of the terrorist activity, the terrorist act itself and, the response to the event from the relevant authorities.
Some chapters concentrate on terrorist attacks that actually took place, others speculate about the possibilities of an attack occurring sometime in the future, such as the chapters on the Olympic Games, Aviation or Rail Security. When possibilities rather than a specific event are discussed, the authors of these chapters draw the attention of the reader towards the same direction-the reasoning, the actual event and the response that followed.
The thorough analysis of the presented case studies and the applied counter-measures will, hopefully, if not curtail then possibly at least mitigate the operational and ideological strength of terrorist groups or individual actors.
A New Understanding of Terrorism will enable the reader to make the connection between the emotional charge inherent in any terrorist activity, the cold-blooded tactics that lead to the terrorist event itself and the pragmatic and very straightforward, but at the same time very simplistically designed, strategic response that has to come from a synergy between academics, military and law enforcement brainstorming design in order to be more effective in the future.
ABOUT THE EDITORS:
M.R. (Maki) Haberfeld is a Professor of Police Science at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City. She has worked for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, in the New York Field Office, as a special consultant. Prior to that she has served in a counter-terrorist unit in the Israeli Defense Forces and she left the army at the rank of Sergeant. She was also a lieutenant in the Israel National Police. For the past eight years, Dr. Haberfeld has been involved in developing, coordinating and teaching in a special training program for the New York City Police Department, where she teaches courses in police ethics, leadership and counter-terrorism. She was also an Academic Coordinator of the Law Enforcement Executive Police Institute for the State of New York, where she taught modules on counter-terrorism response.
Agostino von Hassell is the president of The Repton Group LLC, a New York City based consulting group that deals mostly with national security issues. He has written numerous political and historical articles and is the author of two major military histories, Warriors: The United States Marine Corps and Strike Force: Marine Corps Special Operations. In 2003, he published a pictorial portrait of the United States-In Honor of America. He has taught as an adjunct professor in the graduate program of John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, teaching members of the New York City Police Department in subjects such as counter-terrorism and leadership. He is a life member of the United States Marine Corps Combat Correspondents, the National Defense Industry Association, the Association of Former Intelligence Officers and the Authors' Guild.
Maria (Maki) Haberfeld
is a Professor of Police Science in the Department of Law, Police Science and Criminal Justice Administration at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City. Prior to coming to John Jay, she served in the Israeli Defense Forces, in a counter-terrorist unit and left the army at the rank of a Sergeant. She then joined the Israel National Police and left the force at the rank of Lieutenant. She also worked for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, in the New York Field Office, as a special consultant. She holds two Bachelor of Art degrees, two Master degrees, and a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice. Her main interests and expertise are in the area of police training and professional development, with particular emphasis on: police ethics, integrity, leadership, counter-terrorism and use of force in multicultural environments. Her recent publications include a book on police training, titled Critical Issues in Police Training (2002), a co-edited book titled Contours of Police Integrity (2004) Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement, the International Volume (2005) Police Leadership (2005), a co-authored book titled Enhancing Police Integrity (2006) and a co-edited book on Comparative Policing: The Struggle for Democratization (2007). She also recently co-authored two articles on counter-terrorist response: 'Proper Proactive Training to Terrorist Presence and Operations in Friendly Urban Environments,' 'A Multi-Dimensional Perspective' (2007), and 'Police Activities to Counter Terrorism: What We Know and What We Need to Know' (forthcoming Fall, 2008). For the past seven years (2001-2008), she has been involved in developing, coordinating and teaching in a special training program for the New York City Police Department, where she teaches courses in police ethics, leadership and counter-terrorism. Currently, she is also an Academic Coordinator of the Law Enforcement Executive Police Institute for the State of New York, where she oversees the delivery of the training modules and teaches leadership courses. She is involved in two major research studies, one on Use of Force by the Police in 10 different countries, and the other Counter-Terrorism police training response post 9/11, which also involves comparative studies of a number of countries around the world.Agostino von Hassell spent his formative years in the United States, studying European History at Columbia University graduating with a B.A. in 1974. He then attended Columbia Journalism School, graduating with a M.S. and with honors in 1975. He wrote numerous political and historical articles for publications as diverse as The Marine Corps Gazette, Die Zeit (Germany), Naval Proceedings, Defense News, The Navy Times and others. He is the author of two major military histories, Warriors: The United States Marine Corps (published first in 1988); Strike Force: Marine Corps Special Operations. Strike Force provided a concept for a major Dale Brown novel. Warriors was also translated into Italian. He is the author - along with former Marine Herman J. Dillon - of West Point: the Bicentennial Book published in March 2002. In 2003 he published a pictorial portrait of the United States: In Honor of America. In 2006 he published Military Highlife. This is the first major book published on elegant military food in decades. Published in the fall of 2006 is An Alliance of Enemies, a book on the untold story on the secret contacts between Germany's resistance the Abwehr and the OSS in World War II. Hassell has contributed sections to the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement (2005). He co-authored (with W. McDonald and M.R. Haberfeld) a chapter in Comparative Policing The Struggle for Democratization (2008), titled 'International Cooperation in Policing: A Partial Answer to the Query?' In 2007, he coauthored and presented (with M.R. Haberfeld) an article titled 'Proper Proactive Training to Terrorist Presence and Operations in Friendly Urban Environments,' at the NATO Counter-Terrorism Conference in Washington, D.C. subsequently published by the NATO Science for Peace and Security Program. He has taught as adjunct professor in the graduate program of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, teaching members of the New York City Police Department in subjects such as counter-terrorism and leadership. He is a life member of the United States Marine Corps Combat Correspondents, the National Defense Industry Association, the OSS Society, the Association of Former Intelligence Officers, the American Society of Media Photographers, and the Authors' Guild. He is now the president of The Repton Group LLC, a New York City consulting group that deals mostly with national security issues.
Terrorism is a complex phenomenon that cannot be understood through reading of a number of unrelated academic articles or a dry overview of the history of terrorism or the investigative techniques. For A New Understanding of Terrorism, the Editors have chosen a different paradigm. They have selected numerous case studies from actual events that illustrate various typologies of terrorist actions, be it from a separatist, nationalist, lone-wolf individual terrorist, religious fanatics or environmentalist orientation, and they present these cases within the context of following the trajectories of the terrorist activity, the terrorist act itself and, the response to the event from the relevant authorities.Some chapters concentrate on terrorist attacks that actually took place, others speculate about the possibilities of an attack occurring sometime in the future, such as the chapters on the Olympic Games, Aviation or Rail Security. When possibilities rather than a specific event are discussed, the authors of these chapters draw the attention of the reader towards the same direction-the reasoning, the actual event and the response that followed.The thorough analysis of the presented case studies and the applied counter-measures will, hopefully, if not curtail then possibly at least mitigate the operational and ideological strength of terrorist groups or individual actors.A New Understanding of Terrorism will enable the reader to make the connection between the emotional charge inherent in any terrorist activity, the cold-blooded tactics that lead to the terrorist event itself and the pragmatic and very straightforward, but at the same time very simplistically designed, strategic response that has to come from a synergy between academics, military and law enforcement brainstorming design in order to be more effective in the future.ABOUT THE EDITORS:M.R. (Maki) Haberfeld is a Professor of Police Science at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City. She has worked for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, in the New York Field Office, as a special consultant. Prior to that she has served in a counter-terrorist unit in the Israeli Defense Forces and she left the army at the rank of Sergeant. She was also a lieutenant in the Israel National Police. For the past eight years, Dr. Haberfeld has been involved in developing, coordinating and teaching in a special training program for the New York City Police Department, where she teaches courses in police ethics, leadership and counter-terrorism. She was also an Academic Coordinator of the Law Enforcement Executive Police Institute for the State of New York, where she taught modules on counter-terrorism response.Agostino von Hassell is the president of The Repton Group LLC, a New York City based consulting group that deals mostly with national security issues. He has written numerous political and historical articles and is the author of two major military histories, Warriors: The United States Marine Corps and Strike Force: Marine Corps Special Operations. In 2003, he published a pictorial portrait of the United States-In Honor of America. He has taught as an adjunct professor in the graduate program of John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, teaching members of the New York City Police Department in subjects such as counter-terrorism and leadership. He is a life member of the United States Marine Corps Combat Correspondents, the National Defense Industry Association, the Association of Former Intelligence Officers and the Authors' Guild.
Maria (Maki) Haberfeld is a Professor of Police Science in the Department of Law, Police Science and Criminal Justice Administration at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City. Prior to coming to John Jay, she served in the Israeli Defense Forces, in a counter-terrorist unit and left the army at the rank of a Sergeant. She then joined the Israel National Police and left the force at the rank of Lieutenant. She also worked for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, in the New York Field Office, as a special consultant. She holds two Bachelor of Art degrees, two Master degrees, and a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice. Her main interests and expertise are in the area of police training and professional development, with particular emphasis on: police ethics, integrity, leadership, counter-terrorism and use of force in multicultural environments. Her recent publications include a book on police training, titled Critical Issues in Police Training (2002), a co-edited book titled Contours of Police Integrity (2004) Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement, the International Volume (2005) Police Leadership (2005), a co-authored book titled Enhancing Police Integrity (2006) and a co-edited book on Comparative Policing: The Struggle for Democratization (2007). She also recently co-authored two articles on counter-terrorist response: "Proper Proactive Training to Terrorist Presence and Operations in Friendly Urban Environments," "A Multi-Dimensional Perspective" (2007), and "Police Activities to Counter Terrorism: What We Know and What We Need to Know" (forthcoming Fall, 2008). For the past seven years (2001-2008), she has been involved in developing, coordinating and teaching in a special training program for the New York City Police Department, where she teaches courses in police ethics, leadership and counter-terrorism. Currently, she is also an Academic Coordinator of the Law Enforcement Executive Police Institute for the State of New York, where she oversees the delivery of the training modules and teaches leadership courses. She is involved in two major research studies, one on Use of Force by the Police in 10 different countries, and the other Counter-Terrorism police training response post 9/11, which also involves comparative studies of a number of countries around the world. Agostino von Hassell spent his formative years in the United States, studying European History at Columbia University graduating with a B.A. in 1974. He then attended Columbia Journalism School, graduating with a M.S. and with honors in 1975. He wrote numerous political and historical articles for publications as diverse as The Marine Corps Gazette, Die Zeit (Germany), Naval Proceedings, Defense News, The Navy Times and others. He is the author of two major military histories, Warriors: The United States Marine Corps (published first in 1988); Strike Force: Marine Corps Special Operations. Strike Force provided a concept for a major Dale Brown novel. Warriors was also translated into Italian. He is the author – along with former Marine Herman J. Dillon – of West Point: the Bicentennial Book published in March 2002. In 2003 he published a pictorial portrait of the United States: In Honor of America. In 2006 he published Military Highlife. This is the first major book published on elegant military food in decades. Published in the fall of 2006 is An Alliance of Enemies, a book on the untold story on the secret contacts between Germany’s resistance the Abwehr and the OSS in World War II. Hassell has contributed sections to the Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement (2005). He co-authored (with W. McDonald and M.R. Haberfeld) a chapter in Comparative Policing The Struggle for Democratization (2008), titled "International Cooperation in Policing: A Partial Answer to the Query?" In 2007, he coauthored and presented (with M.R. Haberfeld) an article titled "Proper Proactive Training to Terrorist Presence and Operations in Friendly Urban Environments," at the NATO Counter-Terrorism Conference in Washington, D.C. subsequently published by the NATO Science for Peace and Security Program. He has taught as adjunct professor in the graduate program of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, teaching members of the New York City Police Department in subjects such as counter-terrorism and leadership. He is a life member of the United States Marine Corps Combat Correspondents, the National Defense Industry Association, the OSS Society, the Association of Former Intelligence Officers, the American Society of Media Photographers, and the Authors’ Guild. He is now the president of The Repton Group LLC, a New York City consulting group that deals mostly with national security issues.
Preface 6
Acknowledgments 8
Contents 9
Contributors 11
Book Editors 11
Chapter Contributors 13
1 Todays Terrorism Introduction and Analysis: The Have Nots Versus the Haves 17
The Have Nots Versus the Haves 17
The Conceptual Themes Through A Pragmatic Lens 19
References 24
2 Proper Proactive Training to Terrorist Presence and Operations in Friendly Urban Environments 25
Introduction 25
Reacting to Terrorism 25
Proactive Law Enforcement Response 27
Responses that Fail 28
Why? 29
Suggested Mechanism for Effective Law Enforcement Counter-Terrorism 29
Definitions 31
What Can We Do? -- A Two-Prong Approach 32
Proper Proactive Training to Terrorist Presence and Operations in Friendly Urban Environments 33
References 38
3 Waco: A Review of the Response by Law Enforcement 39
Introduction 39
History and Description of Cults 40
Description of the Branch Davidians 42
Political and Historical Context 44
Description of the Incident 45
Controversy Surrounding the Waco Standoff 47
Implications and Conclusion 51
References 52
4 The Solo Crusader: Theodore Kaczynskiand Timothy McVeigh 53
Introduction 53
Kaczynski's History: The Progressive Deterioration 53
The Long Crusade 54
Pursuit of the Unabomber 57
From Cabin to Courtroom 60
McVeighs Journeys and the Militia Movement 60
The Bombing: April 19, 1995 63
The Response 65
The Prosecution: US v. McVeigh 67
Countermeasures and Analysis 68
Conclusion 71
References 71
5 It Happened Here: Biological Terrorism in the United States 74
Introduction 74
The Rajneeshees 76
Cults and the State 78
Uncivil Movements 80
The Rajneeshees in America 82
The Attack 85
Law Enforcement Response 86
Rajneeshees as Terrorists 88
Anthrax Attacks Fall 2001 90
Profile of the Anthrax Killer 93
Analysis 96
Conclusion 97
References 98
6 When Radical Becomes Terrorist: Law Enforcement and Eco-Sabotage 102
Introduction 102
The Environmental Movement 103
The Earth Liberation Front 105
Investigating and Prosecuting the Eco-Sabotage 106
Analysis –What Should be the Adequate Response? 109
Conclusions 111
References 112
7 September 11 Terrorist Attacks Against the United States and the Law Enforcement Response 114
Introduction 114
Overview of the Group Behind September 11 115
The Rise of a New Extremist Group: Al Qaeda 115
The Motivation to Join Al Qaeda 120
The New Al Qaeda 122
Homegrown Terrorists 124
Overview of the Events of September 11 124
Political and Historical Context 124
The Attacks 129
Overview of the Law Enforcement Response and Analysis 139
The Law Enforcement Response 139
Analysis 141
Conclusion 152
References 153
8 Aviation Security in the Face of Tragedy 158
Introduction 158
Relevant Aviation Security Prior to the Bombingof Pan Am Flight 103 159
Events Leading Up to the Bombing 160
Political Context 160
Intelligence Reports and Warnings 161
The Bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 162
The Response 163
Fire Department Response 163
Military Response 163
Police Response 163
International Investigative Response 164
Intelligence Response 165
The Investigation 165
Diplomatic Response 166
Analysis 167
Conclusions 172
References 173
9 Maritime Security: Case Studies in Terrorism 174
Introduction 174
The Attack on USS Cole 175
Legal Steps for Law Enforcement Cooperation 183
The Evolving Threat 186
The Adequate (Inadequate?) Response 189
Assessing the Proper Response 194
Conclusions 197
References 199
10 Rail Transport Security 204
Introduction 204
Overview of March 11, 2004, Madrid Railway Attack 205
The Attack 205
The Investigation of the March 11 Attacks 206
Islam and Spain 208
Response to March 11 Attack in Madrid 209
Political Ramifications of the March 11 Attacks 209
Overview of August 10, 2001, Angola Railway Attack 210
History of the Angolan Conflict 211
Reactions to the Angola Attack 213
Impact on the Angola Conflict 214
Overview and Analysis of Rail Security 215
Law Enforcement and Emergency Response 217
Conclusion 217
References 218
11 Securing the Gold: Olympic Security from a Counter-Terrorist Perspective 220
Introduction 220
Attacking During the Olympic Games 221
The Failed Response 223
Securing the Games Post the Munich Attack 224
Analyzing the Olympic Games Threat 226
Counter Measures 229
Conclusion 231
References 232
12 1995 Tokyo Subway Attack: The Aum Shinrikyo Case 234
Introduction 234
Description of the Attack 235
Description of the 1995 Tokyo Subway Attack 235
The Characteristics of the Attack 235
Aum Shinrikyo's Rationalization Regarding the Attack 236
The Background of the Terrorists and Their Leader 237
The Aum Shinrikyo 237
Shoko Asahara – His Personality and Leadership 237
The Path to Become a Terrorists Group 238
Analysis of the Law Enforcement Response 239
The Response to the Attack and Its Problems 239
Arrest of the Terrorists and the Compensation of the Victims 240
Lessons Learned from the Tokyo and Other Subway Attacks 240
The Development of the Subway Attack Protection/Response Policy 242
The Need for a Contingency Plan Against Subway Attacks 242
Recommendation for the Future 243
Protection Physical Subways and Stations from the Attack 243
Recommendation for Law Enforcement Agencies and First Responders 243
Subway Passengers and Citizens 244
The Oversight over the Dangerous Religious Groups 244
Conclusion 245
References 245
13 2005 London Bombings 247
Introduction 247
Overview of the Threat 248
The Threat from Islamic Fundamentalism and Al-Qaeda 248
Vulnerability of Railway Targets 250
Overview of the Events on July 7, 2005 250
Timeline of the Events 251
Overview of the Events on July 21, 2005 252
Overview of the Law Enforcement Response and Analysis 254
Investigation of the 7/7 Attacks 254
Overview of 7/7 Bombers 257
Investigation of 7/21 Attacks 258
Conclusion 260
References 260
14 Reforming Power Structures: Russian Counter-Terrorism Response to Beslan 263
Introduction The Beslan Incident 263
The Law Enforcement Response to Counter Terrorist Activities 265
The System Prior to the Beslan Incident 266
Changes in the System of Interdepartmental Coordinationand Information Exchange 268
Information Exchange with Other Countries Special Services 269
Coordination Center and Information Exchange in North Caucasus 269
Defense Department's Army Reassignments 270
Coordination in Case of Hostage Captures and Subversive Terrorist Attack 271
Changes in the System of Obtaining Intelligence on Terrorist Acts 273
Tactics of the Special Division After the Beslan Incident 274
Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 275
Tactics Involving Capture of Terrorists' Relatives Tactics 277
Establishment of New Divisions 278
The MVD Internal Troops 278
Federal Security Service 279
Conclusion 280
Appendix: MI5 organization chart 282
References 283
15 Beirut 1983: Have We Learned This Lesson? 285
Introduction 285
Lessons Learned or to Be Learned? 285
The Failure of Intelligence 288
The Rules of Engagement 290
The Chain of Command 292
A Changed Mission 293
Conclusions 294
References 296
16 Lost in Transition: Khobar Towers and the Ambiguities of Terrorism in the 1990s 297
Introduction 297
Islamist Extremism in Saudi Arabia 298
The Khobar Towers Plot 301
Investigations and Responses 304
The FBI Investigation: A Byzantine Case 304
Investigating Force Protection: Organizational Learningor Witch-hunt? 310
Conclusions: Khobar Towers in Context 313
References 318
17 The Siege in Mumbai: A Conventional Terrorist Attack Aided by Modern Technology 322
Introduction 322
Colonial Influences in South Asia 323
The Formation of India, Pakistan, and Jammu and Kashmir 323
A History of Terrorism in Pakistan and India 325
Lashkar-e-Taiba 327
Attacks by Lashkar-e-Taiba Prior to November 2008 328
Pakistans Directorate of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) 328
The Mumbai Massacre 330
The Operation 332
First Group 333
Second Group 335
Third Group 337
Fourth Group 339
The Aftermath 340
Attacks Used Conventional Weapons but Modern Technology 341
Target Selection 342
Mumbai Police Response 344
Lessons Learned 345
Conclusion 350
References 351
18 Conclusions -- A New Understanding of Counter-Terrorist/ism Response 354
Introduction 354
Risk Management 355
Building an Intelligence File 356
Step I 356
Step II. Creating an Intel File 358
Create Links (A) 358
Create a Backup System 358
Create Security Access System 359
Create Links (B) 359
Develop Personal Relationship 359
Crisis Preparation 359
References 362
Index 363
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 9.7.2009 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | XVIII, 366 p. |
| Verlagsort | New York |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Recht / Steuern ► Strafrecht |
| Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung ► Politische Theorie | |
| Schlagworte | Counter-Terrorism • ETA • Homeland Security • London subway bombing • Port Security • Religious Fundamentalism • Shinrikyo • terrorism • Terrorism, causes • Terrorist • Waco, Texas |
| ISBN-10 | 1-4419-0115-9 / 1441901159 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-4419-0115-6 / 9781441901156 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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