Improving the Efficiency of R&D and the Market Diffusion of Energy Technologies (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 6
List of Figures 10
List of Tables 12
1 Executive Summary 15
1.1 Objectives of the EduaR& D Project Carried Out by Fh-ISI
1.2 The Conceptual Approach 17
1.3 Results 20
1.3.1 Analysis of Energy Technology and Energy 20
Economics Aspects 20
1.3.2 General Conclusions on the Developed Method 21
1.3.3 Specific Conclusions and Recommendations 22
for the Four Technologies 22
1.3.4 The Manual Ò The Product of this Project 25
1.4 Outlook 25
2 Introduction and Objectives of the EduaR& D Project Carried Out by Fh- ISI
2.1 Objectives of the EduaR& D Project
Reference 28
3 The Conceptual Approach 29
3.1 Basic Idea: Three Angles of Analysis 30
3.2 Selection of Energy Technologies Based on Energy Technology and Energy Economics Criteria 32
3.2.1 Applied Boundary Conditions and Energy Economics Projections 37
3.2.2 Decentralized Electricity and Heat Generation - Fuel Cell Options and Their Competitors 39
3.2.3 Low-Energy and Passive Houses and Buildings 40
3.2.4 Carbon Capture and Storage from Coal-Based Power Plants 43
3.2.5 Industrial Furnaces 45
3.3 Delineation of a Technology 46
3.4 The Analysis of the Technology Cycle 47
3.4.1 General Model 47
3.4.2 Empirical Analysis and Indicators 48
3.4.3 Lessons from Previous Assessments 50
3.4.4 Policy Implications 52
3.5 Innovation System Approach 53
3.5.1 Definition of Technological Innovation Systems 53
3.5.2 Key Questions and Methodological Approach 54
3.6 Integration of the Methodologies and Policy Aspects 59
3.6.1 The Contributions of the Methodological Approaches to Policy Design 59
3.6.2 Market and System Failures and Policy Instruments in the Technology Cycle 59
3.7 Structure of the Analysis – Overview 73
References 75
4 Fuel Cell Technologies 78
4.1 Technology Description and Energy-Economic Significance 78
4.2 The Analysis on the Micro-Level 80
4.2.1 Technological and Economic Challenges 80
4.2.2 Position in the Technology Cycle 82
4.3 The Technological Innovation System 95
4.3.1 The Overall System 95
4.3.2 The Various Elements of the Innovation System and Their Roles 97
4.3.3 Intermediaries, Financial and Other Institutions 99
4.3.4 Regulation 104
4.3.5 Co-Operations 104
4.3.6 Drivers of Future Markets 105
4.4 Obstacles and Market Imperfections 105
4.4.1 Risk-Aversion as a Result of Unfulfilled Promises 106
4.4.2 Framework Conditions (Energy Basis, Energy Price) 106
4.4.3 Strong Developments in Alternative Technologies 106
4.4.4 System 106
4.5 Implications for Public Policy 108
4.5.1 Bottlenecks and Opportunities 108
4.5.2 Policy Recommendations 111
References 114
5 Passive Houses and Buildings 116
5.1 Description of the Passive House Technology and Energy 116
5.1 Description of the Passive House Technology and Energy Economic Relevance 116
5.1.1 Superinsulation 118
5.1.2 Heat Recovery Systems with Active Heating or Cooling Components 119
5.1.3 Windows and Passive Solar Gains 120
5.1.4 Competing Concepts 120
5.2 Analysis at the Micro Level 122
5.2.1 Technological and Economical Challenges 122
5.2.2 Passive House Technologies in the Technology Cycle 123
5.3 The Technological Innovation System 129
5.3.1 The Overall System 129
5.3.2 The Various Elements of the Innovation System and Their Roles 132
5.3.3 Public Policy 145
5.3.4 Regulation 146
5.3.5 Collaboration 147
5.4 Implications for Public Funding and Intervention 147
5.4.1 Bottlenecks and Opportunities 147
5.4.2 Policy Recommendations 149
References 151
6 Carbon Dioxide-Free Power Stations/Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage 153
6.1 Description and Significance for Energy Supply 153
6.2 Micro-Level Analysis 154
6.2.1 Technological and Economic Challenges 154
6.2.2 Status of CCS in the Technology Cycle 155
6.3 The Innovation System of CCS 161
6.3.1 The Overall System 161
6.3.2 Components of the Innovation System 163
6.3.3 The Role of Public Research Funding 170
6.3.4 Regulation 171
6.3.5 Cooperation and Interaction in the Innovation System 172
6.3.6 Bottlenecks and Opportunities 173
6.3.7 Policy Recommendations for Public Research Policy 175
6.3.8 Other Policy Recommendations 178
References 179
7 Industrial Furnaces 181
7.1 Technology Description and Energy-Economic Significance 181
7.2 The Analysis on a Micro-Level 183
7.2.1 Technological and Economic Challenges 183
7.2.2 Position in the Technology Cycle 186
7.3 The Innovation System of Industrial Furnaces 199
7.3.1 The Overall System 199
7.3.2 The Manufacturers/Industry 199
7.3.3 Public Research 203
7.3.4 Interest Organisations 207
7.3.5 Demand 207
7.3.6 Public Policy 209
7.4 Implications for Public Policy 211
7.4.1 Bottlenecks and Opportunities 211
7.4.2 Policy Recommendations 213
References 215
8 Conclusions and Recommendations 218
8.1 The Overall Approach and the Interaction Between the Three Assessment Areas 219
8.2 Conclusions Derived from Observations in the Three Conceptual Areas 222
8.2.1 Energy Technology and Economics Analysis 222
8.2.2 Indicator-Based Technology Cycle Analysis 223
8.2.3 Technological Innovation Systems Analysis 226
8.3 Observations and Recommendations Regarding the Four Energy Technologies 227
8.3.1 Fuel Cells 227
8.3.2 Passive Houses and Buildings 229
8.3.3 Carbon Capture from Central Fossil Conversion Plants 232
8.3.4 Industrial Furnaces 233
8.4 Final Conclusion and Outlook 236
8.4.1 Outlook 236
9 Annex 238
9.1 Manual 238
9.1.1 Objective and Outline of the Manual 238
9.1.2 Characterization of the Technology to Be Examined - Market Contextualization 239
Contextualization 239
9.1.3 Analysis and Evaluation Steps of the Three Pillars 239
9.1.4 Policy Measures 243
9.2 Verfahrensanleitung (Manual in German) 243
9.2.1 Entwurf der Struktur der Anleitung 243
9.2.2 Kennzeichnung der zu untersuchenden Ziel der Anleitung und Überblick Technologie - Marktkontexturierung 244
9.2.3 Analyse und -Bewertungsschritte der drei methodischen Säulen 245
9.2.4 Policy-Ma nahmen 249