Richard C. Selley has spent most of his career at Imperial College, apart from several years working for oil companies in Libya, Greenland and the North Sea. He was a member of Conoco's exploration team that found the Lyell, Murchison and Hutton fields. Selley has provided consultancy and CPD services in Australia, Bahrain, Belize, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Holland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Libya, New Zealand, Norway, the North Sea, Sao Tomé and Principé, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, the U.A.E., Uganda, the U.S.A., Vietnam and the former Yugoslavia. He holds an Hon DSc from Kingston University and is an Honorary Member of the Petroleum Exploration Society of Great Britain.
This Third Edition of Elements of Petroleum Geology is completely updated and revised to reflect the vast changes in the field since publication of the Second Edition. This book is a usefulprimer for geophysicists, geologists, and petroleum engineers in the oil industry who wish to expand their knowledge beyond their specialized area. It is also an excellent introductory text for a university course in petroleum geoscience. Elements of Petroleum Geology begins with an account of the physical and chemical properties of petroleum, reviewing methods of petroleum exploration and production. These methods include drilling, geophysical exploration techniques, wireline logging, and subsurface geological mapping. After describing the temperatures and pressures of the subsurface environment and the hydrodynamics of connate fluids, Selley examines the generation and migration of petroleum, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanisms, and the habit of petroleum in sedimentary basins. The book contains an account of the composition and formation of tar sands and oil shales, and concludes with a brief review of prospect risk analysis, reserve estimation, and other economic topics. - Updates the Second Edition completely- Reviews the concepts and methodology of petroleum exploration and production- Written by a preeminent petroleum geologist and sedimentologist with decades of petroleum exploration in remote corners of the world- Contains information pertinent to geophysicists, geologists, and petroleum reservoir engineers- Updated statistics throughout- Additional figures to illustrate key points and new developments- New information on drilling activity and production methods including crude oil, directional drilling, thermal techniques, and gas plays- Added coverage of 3D seismic interpretation- New section on pressure compartments- New section on hydrocarbon adsorption and absorption in source rocks- Coverage of The Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt of Venezuela- Updated chapter on unconventional petroleum
Front Cover 1
Petroleum Exploration: Past, Present, and Future 3
ELEMENTS OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY 4
Copyright 5
Contents 6
Preface to the Third Edition 8
Acknowledgments 10
Chapter 1 - Introduction 12
1.1 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF PETROLEUM EXPLORATION 12
1.2 THE CONTEXT OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY 18
References 22
Selected Bibliography 22
Chapter 2 - The Physical and Chemical Properties of Petroleum 24
2.1 NATURAL GASES 25
2.2 GAS HYDRATES 34
2.3 CRUDE OIL 38
References 48
Selected Bibliography 50
Chapter 3 - Methods of Exploration 52
3.1 WELL DRILLING AND COMPLETION 52
3.2 FORMATION EVALUATION 67
3.3 GEOPHYSICAL METHODS OF EXPLORATION 104
3.4 BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS AND 4D SEISMIC 139
3.5 SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY 142
3.6 REMOTE SENSING 152
References 159
Selected Bibliography 163
Oil Well Drilling and Production 163
Formation Evaluation 163
Geophysics 163
Remote Sensing 163
Chapter 4 - The Subsurface Environment 164
4.1 SUBSURFACE WATERS 164
4.2 SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURES 171
4.3 SUBSURFACE PRESSURES 178
4.4 SUBSURFACE FLUID DYNAMICS 192
References 197
Selected Bibliography 200
Chemistry of Subsurface Fluids 200
Subsurface Temperatures 200
Subsurface Pressures 200
Subsurface Pressure Compartments 200
Subsurface Fluid Dynamics 200
Chapter 5 - Generation and Migration of Petroleum 202
5.1 ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM: ORGANIC OR INORGANIC 204
5.2 MODERN ORGANIC PROCESSES ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE 210
5.3 FORMATION OF KEROGEN 219
5.4 PETROLEUM MIGRATION 236
5.5 THE PETROLEUM SYSTEM 250
References 257
Selected Bibliography 264
Chapter 6 - The Reservoir 266
6.1 POROSITY 266
6.2 PERMEABILITY 276
6.3 CAPILLARY PRESSURE 280
6.4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POROSITY, PERMEABILITY, AND TEXTURE 282
6.5 EFFECTS OF DIAGENESIS ON RESERVOIR QUALITY 287
6.6 RESERVOIR CONTINUITY 307
6.7 RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION 313
6.8 RESERVE CALCULATIONS 316
6.9 PRODUCTION METHODS 320
References 325
Selected Bibliography 331
Chapter 7 - Traps and Seals 332
7.1 INTRODUCTION 332
7.2 NOMENCLATURE OF A TRAP 332
7.3 DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM WITHIN A TRAP 333
7.4 SEALS AND CAP ROCKS 336
7.5 CLASSIFICATION OF TRAPS 337
7.6 STRUCTURAL TRAPS 338
7.7 DIAPIRIC TRAPS 352
7.8 STRATIGRAPHIC TRAPS 356
7.9 HYDRODYNAMIC TRAPS 375
7.10 COMBINATION TRAPS 376
7.11 TRAPS: CONCLUSION 379
References 381
Selected Bibliography 386
Chapter 8 - Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Systems 388
8.1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMS 388
8.2 MECHANISMS OF BASIN FORMATION 391
8.3 CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS 396
8.4 CRATONIC BASINS 397
8.5 TROUGHS 409
8.6 THE RIFT-DRIFT SUITE OF BASINS 417
8.7 STRIKE-SLIP BASINS 427
8.8 SEDIMENTARY BASINS AND PETROLEUM SYSTEMS 429
References 432
Selected Bibliography 437
Chapter 9 - Nonconventional Petroleum Resources 438
9.1 INTRODUCTION 438
9.2 PLASTIC AND SOLID HYDROCARBONS 438
9.3 TAR SANDS 445
9.4 OIL SHALES 457
9.5 TIGHT OIL RESERVOIRS 465
9.6 COALBED METHANE 470
9.7 SHALE GAS 475
9.8 TIGHT GAS RESERVOIRS 487
References 489
Selected Bibliography 492
Solid hydrocarbons and oil seeps 492
Tar sands 492
Oil shales 492
Coal-bed methane: 493
Chapter 10 - Conclusions 494
10.1 PROSPECTS AND PROBABILITIES 494
10.2 RESERVES AND RESOURCES 497
References 508
Selected Bibliography 508
Index 510
Color Plates 520
The Physical and Chemical Properties of Petroleum
Abstract
Natural gas and crude oil are two of the chemically and physically diverse group of compounds called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon molecules are classified based on their molecular structure as paraffins, napthenes, and aromatics. Hetercompounds also contain carbon and hydrogen but also other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
Hydrocarbon gases consist mainly of hydrocarbons of the paraffin series (i.e., methane, ethane, propane, butane, and occasionally pentane).
Inert gases are a minor accessory in natural gas. Common inert gases are helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
Gas hydrates are compounds of frozen water that contain gas molecules. Hydrates are formed in shallow artic sediments and in deep ocean deposits.
Crude oils are mixtures of hydrocarbons that exist in liquid state in natural underground reservoirs and remain liquid at atmospheric pressure. They consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen with traces of vanadium, nickel, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen and are classified based on their percentage of paraffin, naphthene, and aromatic compounds.
Typical refined petroleum products of crude oils include gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, lubricating oil, and residuum.
Keywords
Aromatic; Carbon Dioxide; Classification of crude oils; Crude oil; Gas hydrates; Helium; Heterocompounds; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hydrogen; Naphthene; Natural gas; Nitrogen; Nonhydrocarbon gases; Paraffin; Refined petroleum products
TABLE 2.1
Natural Gases and Their Dominant Modes of Formation
2.1. Natural Gases
2.1.1. Hydrocarbon Gases
TABLE 2.2
Significant Data of the Paraffin Series
Methane | CH4 | 16.04 | −162 | 24.4 |
Ethane | C2H6 | 30.07 | −89 | 60.4 |
Propane | C3H8 | 44.09 | −42 | 62.4 |
Isobutane | C4H10 | 58.12 | −12 | 48.9 |
n-Butane | C4H10 | 58.12 | −1 | 61.4 |
Isopentane | C5H12 | 72.15 | 30 | 47.8 |
n-Pentane | C5H12 | 72.15 | 36 | 38.5 |
n-Hexane | C6H14 | 86.17 | 69 | 9.5 |
2.1.2. Nonhydrocarbon Gases
2.1.2.1. Inert Gases
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 8.11.2014 |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz |
Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie | |
Technik ► Bergbau | |
Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik | |
Wirtschaft | |
ISBN-10 | 0-12-386032-6 / 0123860326 |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-12-386032-3 / 9780123860323 |
Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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