Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Contributors 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1. Introduction 12
References 17
Chapter 2. Thermal Models for Oil Generation 18
I. Introduction 18
II. Coalification 20
III. Oil-Shale Retorting 30
IV. Petroleum Formation 33
V. Destruction of Hydrocarbons 42
VI. Models for Thermal Generation of Petroleum 44
VII. Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration 62
VIII. The Future of Thermal Modelling 69
Acknowledgements 71
References 72
Chapter 3. A Review of Models Used in Petroleum Resource Estimation and Organic Geochemistry 80
I. Introduction 80
II. Methods of Estimating Hydrocarbon Resources 82
III. Applications of Geochemical Models in Petroleum Exploration 88
IV. Conclusions 117
Acknowledgments 118
References 118
Chapter 4. Applications of Biological Markers in Petroleum Geochemistry 126
I. Introduction 126
II. Background 129
III. Selected Known Biological Marker Compounds 135
IV. Applications for the Petroleum Geochemist 163
V. Laboratory Simulation 210
VI. Summary and Conclusions 211
Appendix 216
Acknowledgements 217
References 217
Chapter 5. Stable Isotopes in Petroleum Research 226
I. Introduction 226
II. Reference Materials 227
III. Coals and Kerogens 228
IV. Extracts and Oils 232
V. Natural Gases 239
VI. Isotopes in Exploration 249
VII. Summary 253
References 254
Chapter 6. Pyrolysis Studies and Petroleum Exploration 258
I. Introduction 258
II. Techniques 259
III. Formation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons 266
IV. Evaluation of Kerogen Type and Source-Rock Potential 271
V. Onset of Petroleum Generation for Different Kerogen Types 290
VI. Role of Catalysts in Petroleum Generation 294
VII. Petroleum Migration 298
VIII. Conclusions 299
Acknowledgments 301
References 301
Chapter 7. Biodegradation of Crude Oils in Reservoirs 310
I. Introduction 310
II. Conditions for Aerobic Microbial Degradation of Crude Oil 312
III. Changes in Crude Oil Properties through Biodegradation 314
IV. Conclusions 340
Acknowledgements 344
References 344
Subject Index 348