Methods of Working Coal and Metal Mines (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Methods of Working Coal and Metal Mines 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
PART A: Coal Mining Methods 8
CHAPTER 1. MINING SYSTEMS 10
INTRODUCTION 10
DOMESTIC COAL PRODUCTION 10
WORLD COAL PRODUCTION 19
DEPTHS OF COAL MINING OPERATIONS 23
MINING SYSTEMS 25
PILLAR-MINING SYSTEMS 27
LONG-WALL MINING SYSTEMS 44
PILLAR MINING SYSTEMS 57
LONG-WALL MINING SYSTEM 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY 79
CHAPTER 2. PILLAR MINING SYSTEMS CONVENTIONAL (CYCLIC) MINING 80
MINING CYCLES 80
METHODS AND EQUIPMENT USED IN DEVELOPMENT WORK 97
PILLAR EXTRACTION WITH CONVENTIONAL EQUIPMENT 112
BIBLIOGRAPHY 115
CHAPTER 3. PILLAR MINING SYSTEMS CONTINUOUS (NON-CYCLIC) MINING 116
CONTINUOUS MINING MACHINES 116
METHODS AND EQUIPMENT USED IN DEVELOPMENT WORK 136
METHODS AND EQUIPMENT USED IN ROOM MINING 143
METHODS USED FOR PILLAR EXTRACTION IN CONTINUOUS (NON-CYCLIC) MINING 150
BIBLIOGRAPHY 160
CHAPTER 4. LONG-WALLMINING — CYCLIC OPERATIONS 161
MACHINES FOR CYCLIC LONG-WALL MINING 161
LONG-WALL COAL CUTTERS 161
CLASS 3 173
POWER LOADERS 174
SEMI-CYCLIC OPERATIONS 178
BIBLIOGRAPHY 187
CHAPTER 5. LONG-WALLMINING—NON- CYCLIC OPERATIONS 188
MACHINES FOR NON-CYCLIC MINING 188
THE ANDERTON SHEARER 188
THE ANDERSON-BOYES LONG-WALL TREPANNER 197
MECHANIZED SUPPORT SYSTEMS 202
THE GLOSTER GETTER 203
COAL PLOWS 204
SLOW-SPEED PLOWS 206
ACTIVATED PLOWS 212
SCRAPER BOXES 215
THE FLEXIBLE ARMORED CONVEYOR 215
NEW TYPES OF CONTINUOUS MINING EQUIPMENT 218
REMOTELY OPERATED LONG-WALL FACES 229
BIBLIOGRAPHY 229
CHAPTER 6. ECONOMICS OF COAL FACE MECHANIZATION 231
EFFECTS OF MECHANIZATION 234
COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF CONTINUOUS-MINING AND MOBILE- LOADING UNITS 236
MINING EQUIPMENT COSTS 240
LONG-WALL MINING SYSTEMS - COSTS AND PRODUCTIVITY 244
METHODS FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF LONG-WALL SYSTEMS 245
BIBLIOGRAPHY 261
PART B: Mining Metalliferous Deposits 262
CHAPTER 1. PILLAR-SUPPORTED (OPEN) STOPES 264
STOPING SYSTEMS 264
PILLAR-SUPPORTED STOPES (OPEN STOPES) 264
MINING METHODS AND COSTS 269
SUB-LEVEL STOPING 281
APPLICABILITY OF OPEN STOPING METHODS 284
BIBLIOGRAPHY 290
CHAPTER 2. TIMBER AND FILL SUPPORTED STOPES 291
TIMBERED STOPES 291
TIMBER AND FILL SUPPORTED STOPES 294
CUT-AND-FILL STOPES 299
STOPE-FILLING MATERIALS 307
BIBLIOGRAPHY 307
CHAPTER 3. SHRINKAGE STOPES 308
ORES SUITABLE FOR SHRINKAGE STOPING 308
EXAMPLES - SHRINKAGE STOPING METHODS AND COSTS 309
BIBLIOGRAPHY 321
CHAPTER 4. SLICING AND CAVING SYSTEMS 322
TOP SLICING 322
SUB-LEVEL CAVING 323
BLOCK CAVING 324
BLOCK CAVING IN LIMESTONE 330
BLOCK CAVING IN COPPER ORES 336
BLOCK CAVING IN A BORATE MINE 342
OBSERVATIONS OF GROUND MOVEMENT AND SURFACE SUBSIDENCE AT BLOCK CAVING OPERATIONS 347
APPENDIX: THE ROCK MECHANICS OF BLOCK CAVING OPERATIONS 359
BIBLIOGRAPHY 371
CHAPTER 5. MINING BEDDED METALLIFEROUS ORES 372
OPEN STOPING 372
ROOM-AND-PILLAR MINING 375
BIBLIOGRAPHY 391
CHAPTER 6. COSTS AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF MINING SYSTEMS 392
FACTORS AFFECTING PLANNING AND OPERATION 392
GENERAL MINING COSTS 396
BIBLIOGRAPHY 398
PART C: Surface Mining Methods 400
CHAPTER 1. STRIP MINING (OPEN-CAST MINING) OF COAL 402
PLANNING A STRIPPING OPERATION 402
STRIPPING EQUIPMENT 403
STRIPPING METHODS 410
PERFORMANCE OF LARGE STRIPPING EQUIPMENT 416
COMPUTER METHOD FOR ESTIMATING PROPER MACHINERY MASS FOR STRIPPING OVERBURDEN 417
WHEEL EXCAVATORS 439
MISCELLANEOUS STRIPPING EQUIPMENT 443
HAULAGE EQUIPMENT 447
COAL AUGERS 449
REMOTELY CONTROLLED MINING SYSTEMS 454
LAND RECLAMATION 457
DRAINAGE 458
DRILLING BLAST HOLES 462
BLASTING 468
CASTING OVERBURDEN WITH EXPLOSIVES 478
RIPPING OVERBURDEN 478
BIBLIOGRAPHY 479
CHAPTER 2. OPEN-PIT MINING 480
PLANNING 480
DRILLING BLAST HOLES 482
BLASTING 488
ROCK RIPPING 506
LOADING ORE AND WASTE 507
ESTIMATION OF SHOVEL AND DRAGLINE OUTPUT FOR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 507
HAULAGE OF ORE AND WASTE 520
TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF OPEN- PIT OPERATIONS AND COSTS 536
BIBLIOGRAPHY 546
CHAPTER 3. THE STABILITY OF PIT SLOPES 548
TYPES OF SLOPE FAILURE 548
METHODS FOR PREDICTING SLOPE STABILITY 551
SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS BY SOIL MECHANICS METHODS 551
PREDICTION OF SLIDES 561
COMPUTED RELATIONSHIP 564
METHODS OF STABILIZATION 565
EXAMPLES OF PIT SLIDES 567
ROCK MECHANICS ANALYSIS APPLIED TO SLOPE STABILITY 569
BIBLIOGRAPHY 574
INDEX 576