Whales, Seals, Fish and Man (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 10
Preface 6
Acknowledgements 8
Sponsors 9
Part 1: Stock assessment 16
Chapter 1. Estimating the abundance of marine mammals: a North Atlantic perspective 18
Chapter 2. Effective search width in shipboard surveys of minke whales in the northeastern Atlantic: concepts and methods 28
Chapter 3. Point clustering of minke whales in the northeastern Atlantic 42
Chapter 4. Use of mark-recapture experiments to monitor seal populations subject to catching 50
Chapter 5. Estimation of grey seal Halichoerus grypus pup production from one or more censuses 62
Chapter 6. Increased accuracy in the estimation of harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) abundance in whelping patches 68
Chapter 7. Haul-out behaviour of the Norwegian harbour seal during summer 76
Chapter 8. Influences on spatial patterns of Gulf of Maine harbor porpoises 84
Chapter 9. Aerial surveys of harp and hooded seal pups in the Greenland Sea pack-ice 92
Part 2: Stock identity and social organization 104
Chapter 10. Genetic markers and whale stocks in the North Atlantic ocean: a review 106
Chapter 11. Genetic variation in northeastern Atlantic minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) 120
Chapter 12. Preliminary results of a DNA-microsatellite study of the population and social structure of the harbour porpoise 134
Chapter 13. Photo-identification of the minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata off the Isle of Mull, Scotland 144
Chapter 14. Parasites as indicators of social structure and stock identity of marine mammals 148
Chapter 15. Marine mammalian fatty acids: a source of information 156
Chapter 16. Fatty acid composition in blubber, heart and brain from phocid seals 168
Chapter 16. Studies of the social ecology of Norwegian killer whales (Orcinus orca) 184
Chapter 17. Possible effects of previous catch on the present population of Norwegian killer whales (Orcinus orca) 192
Part 3: Distribution, diet and feeding ecology 196
Chapter 18. New approaches to studying the foraging ecology of small cetaceans 198
Chapter 19. Distribution and diving behaviour of hooded seals 208
Chapter 20. Distribution and abundance of walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) in Svalbard 218
Chapter 21. Habitat use and diving behaviour of harbour seals in a coastal archipelago in Norway 226
Chapter 22. Spatial and temporal variations in northeast Atlantic minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata feeding habits 240
Chapter 23. Seasonal distribution, condition and feeding habits of Barents Sea harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) 256
Chapter 24. Food consumption of the Northeast Atlantic stock of harp seals 270
Chapter 25. Historic variation in the diet of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in the northwest Atlantic 276
Chapter 26. Seasonal and regional variations in the diet of harbour seal in Norwegian waters 286
Chapter 27. Feeding ecology of harp and hooded seals in the Davis Strait - Baffin Bay region 302
Part 4: Energetics and other physiological aspects 320
Chapter 28. Food requirements of Northeast Atlantic minke whales 322
Chapter 29. Energetics of pregnancy, lactation and neonatal development in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) 334
Chapter 30. Harp and hooded seals - a case study in the determinants of mating systems in pinnipeds 344
Chapter 31. Consumption of cod by the Northwest Atlantic grey seal in Eastern Canada 352
Chapter 32. Digestive physiology of minke whales 366
Chapter 33. Body condition of fin whales during summer off Iceland 376
Chapter 34. Seal adaptations for long dives: recent studies of ischemia and oxygen radicals 386
Chapter 35. Pineal functions in newborn seals 392
Chapter 36. Changes in metabolic rate and body composition during starvation and semistarvation in harbour seals 398
Chapter 37. Variation in the metabolic rates of captive harbour seals 408
Part 5: Population dynamics 416
Chapter 38. Population dynamics: species traits and environmental influence 418
Chapter 39. Interpretation of growth layers in the periosteal zone of tympanic bulla from minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata 428
Chapter 40. On the life history and autecology of North Atlantic rorquals 440
Chapter 41. Aspects of the biology of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, from British waters 458
Chapter 42. Aspects of reproduction and seasonality in the harbour porpoise from Dutch waters 474
Chapter 43. Migration strategy of southern minke whales to maintain high reproductive rate 480
Chapter 44. Overview of cetacean life histories: an essay in their evolution 496
Chapter 45. Modelling the school structure of pilot whales in the Faroe Islands, 1832–1994 514
Chapter 46. Harp seals as indicators of the Barents Sea ecosystem 524
Part 6: Interactions with fisheries 540
Chapter 47. Interactions between marine mammals and fisheries: an unresolved problem for fisheries research 542
Chapter 48. Strategies to reduce the incidental capture of marine mammals and other species in fisheries 552
Chapter 49. Ecological implications of harp seal Phoca groenlandica invasions in northern Norway 560
Chapter 50. Aspects of the sealworm Pseudoterranova decipiens life-cycle and seal–fisheries interactions along the Norwegian coast 572
Chapter 51. Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus Fabr.), population biology, food and feeding habits, and importance as a final host for the life-cycle of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens Krabbe) in Icelandic Waters 580
Part 7: Pollutants, toxicology and epizootics 588
Chapter 52. Toxicological and epidemiological significance of pollutants in marine mammals 590
Chapter 53. Organochlorine contaminants in marine mammals from the Norwegian Arctic 604
Chapter 54. Seasonal variation of organochlorine concentrations in harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) 614
Chapter 55. Biomarkers in blood to assess effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in free- living grey seal pups 622
Chapter 56. Toxic, essential and non-essential metals in harbour porpoises of the Polish Baltic Sea 632
Chapter 57. Assessment of the vulnerability of grey seals to oil contamination at Froan, Norway 638
Chapter 58. Cytochrome P450 in marine mammals: isozyme forms, catalytic functions, and physiological regulations 644
Chapter 59. Serological investigation of morbillivirus infections in minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) 656
Part 8: Management and cultural, social and economic aspects of exploitation 660
Chapter 61. The International Whaling Commission's Revised Management Procedure as an example of a new approach to fishery management 662
Chapter 62. Multispecies modelling and management with reference to the Institute of Marine Research's multispecies model for the Barents Sea 674
Chapter 63. The management of Irish waters as a whale and dolphin sanctuary 686
Chapter 64. The scientific background for the management of monodontids in West Greenland 698
Chapter 65. Marine mammals in the culture of Norwegian coastal communities 704
Chapter 66. Management of whaling in coastal communities 714
Chapter 67. Impacts of modern seal invasions 724
Index of authors 730
Keyword index 732