Polymer Microscopy (eBook)
XIV, 540 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-0-387-72628-1 (ISBN)
This extensively updated and revised Third Edition is a comprehensive and practical guide to the study of the microstructure of polymers. It is the result of the authors' many years of academic and industrial experience. Introductory chapters deal with the basic concepts of both polymer morphology and processing and microscopy and imaging theory. The core of the book is more applied, with many examples of specimen preparation and image interpretation leading to materials characterization. Emerging techniques such as compositional mapping in which microscopy is combined with spectroscopy are considered. The book closes with a problem solving guide.
Polymer Microscopy, Third Edition, is a comprehensive and practical guide to the study of the microstructure of polymers, and is the result of the authors' many years of academic and industrial experience. To address the needs of students and professionals from a variety of backgrounds, introductory chapters deal with the basic concepts of both polymer morphology and processing and microscopy and imaging theory. The core of the book is more applied, with many examples of specimen preparation and image interpretation leading to materials characterization. Microscopy is applied to the characterization of a wide range of polymer systems, including fibers, films, engineering resins and plastics, composites, nanocomposites, polymer blends, emulsions and liquid crystalline polymers. Light microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques are all considered, as are emerging techniques such as compositional mapping in which microscopy is combined with spectroscopy. This extensively updated and revised Third Edition closes with a problem solving guide, which gives a systematic framework for deciding on suitable approaches to the characterization of polymer microstructure. Key Features:Revised and updated, this Third Edition remains the gold standard for information on the characterization of polymer microstructure Presents a wide variety of polymer systems and characterization techniquesCovers the major advances in microscopy and polymers since the publication of the Second Edition in 1996Describes new methods for use with the SPM and related to advances in cryo-TEM as well as new polymer materials such as nanocompositesIncludes both basic and applied topics making this book ideal as a professional reference and as a teaching text
Preface to the Third Edition 5
Contents 8
Introduction to Polymer Morphology 14
1.1 POLYMER MATERIALS 14
1.2 POLYMER MORPHOLOGY 16
1.3 POLYMER PROCESSES 21
1.4 POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION 30
References 34
Fundamentals of Microscopy 39
2.1 INTRODUCTION 40
2.2 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY 43
2.3 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 47
2.4 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 54
2.5 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY 57
2.6 RADIATION SENSITIVE MATERIALS 63
2.7 ANALYTICAL MICROSCOPY 65
2.8 QUANTITATIVE MICROSCOPY 68
2.9 DYNAMIC MICROSCOPY 71
References 72
Image Formation in the Microscope 79
3.1 IMAGING WITH LENSES 80
3.2 IMAGING BY SCANNING ELECTRON BEAM 97
3.3 IMAGING IN THE ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE 109
3.4 SPECIMEN DAMAGE IN THE MICROSCOPE 130
References 136
Specimen Preparation Methods 142
4.1 SIMPLE PREPARATION METHODS 144
4.2 POLISHING 154
4.3 MICROTOMY 158
4.4 STAINING 172
4.5 ETCHING 193
4.6 REPLICATION 208
4.7 CONDUCTIVE COATINGS 213
4.8 YIELDING AND FRACTURE 224
4.9 CRYOGENIC AND DRYING METHODS 238
References 246
Applications of Microscopy to Polymers 260
5.1 FIBERS 262
5.2 FILMS AND MEMBRANES 288
5.3 ENGINEERING RESINS AND PLASTICS 336
5.4 COMPOSITES 382
5.5 EMULSIONS, COATINGS AND ADHESIVES 408
5.6 HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS 426
References 446
Emerging Techniques in Polymer Microscopy 463
6.1 INTRODUCTION 463
6.2 OPTICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 464
6.3 SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY 469
6.4 THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING 479
6.5 ANALYTICAL IMAGING 487
References 496
Problem Solving Summary 506
7.1 WHERE TO START 507
7.2 INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES 508
7.3 INTERPRETATION 516
7.4 SUPPORTING CHARACTERIZATIONS 520
References 529
Appendices 533
APPENDIX 1. ACRONYMS OF POLYMER NAMES 533
APPENDIX II. ACRONYMS OF TECHNIQUES 534
APPENDIX III. MANMADE POLYMER FIBERS 535
APPENDIX IV. COMMON COMMERCIAL POLYMERS AND TRADENAMES FOR PLASTICS, FILMS, AND ENGINEERING RESINS 536
APPENDIX V. GENERAL SUPPLIERS OF MICROSCOPY ACCESSORIES 538
APPENDIX VI. SUPPLIERS OF OPTICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPES, MICROANALYSIS EQUIPMENT, IMAGE ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING 540
APPENDIX VII. SUPPLIERS OF SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPES AND RELATED SUPPLIES 541
Index 543
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 24.12.2008 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | XIV, 540 p. 301 illus., 16 illus. in color. |
| Verlagsort | New York |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie | |
| Technik ► Maschinenbau | |
| Wirtschaft | |
| Schlagworte | Crystal • diffraction • electron diffraction • electron microscopy • Extrusion • liquid • materials characterization • Microscopy • Morphology • Polymer • Polymer microscopy • Resol • spectroscopy • Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| ISBN-10 | 0-387-72628-4 / 0387726284 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-387-72628-1 / 9780387726281 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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