Organic Semiconductors in Sensor Applications (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 13
1 Water Soluble Poly(.uorene) Homopolymers and Copolymers for Chemical and Biological Sensors 16
1.1 Introduction 16
1.2 General Structures and Properties 17
1.3 Signal Transduction Mechanisms in Sensors 24
1.4 Chemo- and Biosensor Applications 30
1.5 Heterogeneous Platforms 46
1.6 Summary and Outlook 47
References 49
2 Polyelectrolyte-Based Fluorescent Sensors 53
2.1 General Introduction 53
2.2 Enzyme Activity Assays 58
2.3 Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Surface-Grafted Colloids 68
2.4 Summary and Conclusions 71
References 72
3 Structurally Integrated Photoluminescent Chemical and Biological Sensors: An Organic Light-Emitting Diode-Based Platform 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Single Analyte Monitoring 78
3.3 Advanced Sensor Arrays 95
3.4 Future Directions 104
3.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks 106
References 106
4 Lab-on-a-Chip Devices with Organic Semiconductor-Based Optical Detection 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Fabrication 117
4.3 Functional Optical Components 130
4.4 Applications 140
4.5 Conclusions and Outlook 151
References 153
5 Solid-State Chemosensitive Organic Devices for Vapor-Phase Detection 155
5.1 Introduction 155
5.2 Survey of State-of-the-Art Vapor-Phase Solid-State Chemosensing Organic Devices 156
5.3 Recent Advances 174
References 194
6 Detection of Chemical and Physical Parameters by Means of Organic Field-Effect Transistors 199
6.1 Introduction 199
6.2 An Overview of Organic Field-E.ect Sensors 200
6.3 (Bio)chemosensing in Solution 202
6.4 Strain and Pressure Sensors 207
6.5 Design and Technology of Organic Field-Effect Sensors 216
6.6 Applications for Organic Field-Effect Sensors 219
6.7 Conclusions 224
References 224
7 Performance Requirements and Mechanistic Analysis of Organic Transistor-Based Phosphonate Gas Sensors 227
7.1 Overview of Electronic Sensors for Chemical Vapors and Warfare Agents 227
7.2 Organic Semiconductor Transistor Sensors 230
7.3 Testing Environments for Prototype Sensing Elements 233
7.4 Electrical Test Procedures 239
7.5 Responses of Functionalized Organic Semiconductors to DMMP 242
7.6 Data Analysis 248
7.7 Sensing Mechanisms and OFET Models 253
7.8 Summary and Outlook 256
References 257
8 Electrochemical Transistors for Applications in Chemical and Biological Sensing 259
8.1 Introduction 259
8.2 Sensors Based on Electrochemical Transistors 261
8.3 Recent advances in Design and Fabrication of Eletrochemical Transistors 272
8.4 Summary and Future Directions 274
References 275
9 PEDOT:PSS-Based Electrochemical Transistors for Ion-to-Electron Transduction and Sensor Signal Amplification 276
9.1 The PEDOT:PSS-Based Electrochemical Organic Thin Film Transistor 276
9.2 The PEDOT:PSS OECT as an Ion-to-Electron Transducer 282
9.3 The PEDOT:PSS Electrochemical transistor in logic and amplification circuits 285
9.4 Outlook 291
References 292
Index 294