Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology

Raymond Harbison is a Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health and of Pathology and Pharmacology at the University of South Florida. He has more than thirty years of experience as a toxicologist, pharmacologist, and human health risk assessor. Marie Bourgeois is a Research Assistant Professor at University of South Florida. With Masters and Doctorate degrees in Toxicology and Risk Assessment, she teaches undergraduate courses related to environmental, occupational, and public health. Giffe Johnson is a Research Assistant Professor at University of South Florida. He has published and presented research on a variety of topics related to environmental and occupational health.

Contributors xiii

Abbreviations xvii

The Heritage of Alice Hamilton MD and Harriet Hardy MD xix

In Memory xxi

Preface xxiii

Section I Introduction 1
Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison

1 The Modern Approach to the Diagnosis of Occupational Disease 3
Raymond D. Harbison and Jeffrey H. Mandel

2 Controls of Occupational Diseases 13
Daniel A. Newfang, Giffe T. Johnson, and Raymond D. Harbison

Section II Metals and Metalloids 19
Section Editor: Richard V. Lee

3 Introduction 21
Richard V. Lee

4 Alkali Compounds 25
Steve Morris and Ann Lurati

5 Aluminum 33
Giffe T. Johnson

6 Antimony 39
Marie M. Bourgeois

7 Arsenic 45
Janice S. Lee and Santhini Ramasamy

8 Barium 57
Marie M. Bourgeois

9 Beryllium 63
Alison J. Abritis and Raymond D. Harbison

10 Bismuth and Related Compounds 73
Paul Jonmaire

11 Boron 79
Giffe T. Johnson

12 Cadmium 85
Frank D. Stephen

13 Chromium 95
Kathleen Macmahon

14 Cobalt 101
Davinderjit Singh and Raymond D. Harbison

15 Copper 109
Marie M. Bourgeois

16 Gallium and Indium 115
Jayme P. Coyle and Raymond D. Harbison

17 Germanium 119
Marek Banasik

18 Gold 123
Marek Banasik

19 Iron 127
Steve Morris and Jayme P. Coyle

20 Lead 131
Frank D. Stephen

21 Lithium 141
Ushang Desai

22 Manganese 149
Alex Lebeau

23 Mercury 157
Frank D. Stephen

24 Molybdenum 167
Paul Jonmaire

25 Nickel 173
Robyn L. Prueitt and Julie E. Goodman

26 Tantalum and Niobium 183
Jayme P. Coyle and Raymond D. Harbison

27 Platinum Group Elements: Palladium, Iridium, Osmium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium 187
Alex Lebeau

28 Platinum 193
Alex Lebeau

29 Rare Earth Metals 199
Raymond D. Harbison and David R. Johnson

30 Selenium and its Compounds 205
Anna M. Fan and Marco Vinceti

31 Silver 229
Giffe T. Johnson

32 Tellurium 233
Marek Banasik

33 Thallium 239
Nikolay M. Filipov

34 Tin 247
Raymond D. Harbison and David R. Johnson

35 Titanium 253
Ushang Desai and Raymond D. Harbison

36 Tungsten 257
Kambria K. Haire and Raymond D. Harbison

37 Vanadium 261
James C. Ball and Maureen R. Gwinn

38 Zinc 277
Giffe T. Johnson

39 Hafnium and Zirconium 283
Kambria K. Haire, Jayme P. Coyle, and Raymond D. Harbison

40 Metal Fume Fever and Metal-Related Lung Disease 289
Thomas Truncale

Section III Chemical Compounds I 301
Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison

41 Introduction 303
Raymond D. Harbison

42 Carbon Dioxide 305
Debra J. Price

43 Carbon Monoxide 309
Erin L. Pulster and James V. Hillman

44 Carbon Disulfide 317
Debra J. Price

45 Hydrogen Sulfide 325
Stephen C. Harbison and Jacob R. Bourgeois

46 Cyanide 331
Erin L. Pulster and James V. Hillman

47 Halogens 341
Joseph A. Puccio

48 Phosgene 357
Benjamin Wong, Michael W. Perkins, and Alfred M. Sciuto

49 Nitrogen Compounds 363
Kathleen T. Jenkins

50 Oxygen and Ozone 371
Robert A. Klocke

51 Phosphorus Compounds 383
M. Rony Francois and Frank Stephen

52 Sulfur Compounds 391
Frank Stephen and M. Rony Francois

Section IV Organic Compounds 401
Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison

53 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 403
Mayowa Amosu, Nicole Nation, and Mary Alice Smith

54 Alcohols and Glycols 419
Kelly W. Hall

55 Aldehydes and Ketones 445
Jason S. Garcia and Raymond D. Harbison

56 Ethers and Epoxides 491
Erin L. Pulster, Jacob R. Bourgeois, and Raymond D. Harbison

57 Esters 505
Raymond D. Harbison and C. Clifford Conaway

58 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 541
Michael H. Lumpkin

59 Other Halogenated Hydrocarbons 567
Michael H. Lumpkin

60 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 581
Raymond D. Harbison, Amora Mayo-Perez, David R. Johnson, and Marie M. Bourgeois

61 Amino and Nitro Compounds 615
David Y. Lai and Yin-Tak Woo

62 Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) 643
Janice S. Lee and Robyn Blain

63 Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE) 651
Keith D. Salazar

64 tert-Butyl Alcohol 657
Janice S. Lee

65 Naphthalene 663
Lisa A. Bailey, Laura E. Kerper, and Lorenz R. Rhomberg

66 Gasoline (Petrol, Motor Spirits, Motor Fuel, Natural Gasoline, Benzin, Mogas) 669
Raymond D. Harbison and Daniel A. Newfang

67 1-Bromopropane 677
Marek Banasik

68 Diacetyl 683
David J. Hewitt

69 Perfluoroalkyl Compounds 689
Jason S. Garcia and Raymond D. Harbison

70 Tetrahydrofuran 719
Ghazi A. Dannan

71 Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene) 727
David G. Dodge and Julie E. Goodman

72 Trichloroethylene 733
David G. Dodge and Julie E. Goodman

73 Acrylonitrile 741
Jason M. Fritz and April M. Luke

Section V Organic High Polymers, Monomers, and Polymer Additives 755
Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison

74 Introduction 757
Raymond D. Harbison

75 Plastics 759
Marek Banasik

76 Elastomers 785
Marek Banasik

77 Synthetic Fibers 791
Marek Banasik

78 Bisphenol A (4,4´-Isopropylidenediphenol) 795
Julie E. Goodman, Lorenz R. Rhomberg, and Michael K. Peterson

79 Polystyrene/Styrene 809
Leslie A. Beyer and Julie E. Goodman

80 Phthalates 815
Robert W. Benson

81 Decabromodiphenyl Ethane 821
Marek Banasik

82 Tetrabromobisphenol A 827
David Y. Lai

83 Tris[2-Chloro-1-(Chloromethyl)Ethyl] Phosphate (TDCPP) 837
Marek Banasik

84 Tris(2-Chloro-1-Methylethyl) Phosphate (TCPP) 845
Marek Banasik

Section VI Pesticides 855
Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison

85 Introduction 857
Raymond D. Harbison

86 Insecticides 859
Carol S. Wood

87 Herbicides 877
Giffe T. Johnson

88 Fungicides 901
Amora Mayo-Perez and Raymond D. Harbison

89 Rodenticides 917
Daniel L. Sudakin

Section VII Dusts and Fibers 927
Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison

90 Introduction 929
David R. Johnson

91 Benign Dusts (Nuisance Dusts) 931
Humairat H. Rahman and Raymond D. Harbison

92 Fibrogenic Dusts 935
Charles Barton

93 Mixed Dusts 949
Charles Barton

94 Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 959
Thomas Truncale and Yehia Y. Hammad

95 Organic Dusts 969
David R. Johnson

96 Naturally Occurring Mineral Fibers 997
Ali K. Hamade, Christopher M. Long, and Peter A. Valberg

97 Nanoparticles 1025
Daniel A. Newfang, Giffe T. Johnson, and Raymond D. Harbison

Section VIII Physical Agents 1029
Section Editor: Marie Bourgeois

98 Radio-Frequency Radiation 1031
R. Timothy Hitchcock

99 Optical Radiation: Ultraviolet, Visible Light, Infrared, and Lasers 1045
Joseph M. Greco

100 Ionizing Radiation 1055
Thomas A. Lewandowski, Juhi K. Chandalia, and Peter A. Valberg

101 Electromagnetic Waves (EMF and RF) and Health Effects 1069
Peter A. Valberg

102 Traumatogens Associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 1087
Joan M. Watkins

103 Vibration 1099
Donald E. Wasserman

104 Occupational Noise 1115
David L. Dahlstrom

105 Heat Stress Illness 1123
Marie M. Bourgeois and David R. Johnson

Section IX Special Topics 1129
Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison

106 Mode of Action/Human Relevance Framework 1131
M.E. (Bette) Meek

107 Carcinogenesis 1135
Carlos A. Muro-Cacho

108 Genotoxicity Testing Strategies, Guidelines, and Methods 1173
Ching-hung Hsu and Qingli Wang

109 Human Relevance of Rodent Leydig Cell Tumors 1189
Thomas J. Steinbach, Robert. R. Maronpot, and Jerry F. Hardisty

110 Reproductive Toxicology 1197
Judith W. Henck

111 Developmental Toxicology 1229
Thomas A. Lewandowski

112 Ototoxicity 1241
Matthew Mifsud and K. Paul Boyev

113 Dermal and Ocular Toxicity 1247
Jayme P. Coyle, Alison J. Abritis, Amora Mayo-Perez, Marie M. Bourgeois, and Raymond D. Harbison

114 Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) 1259
David J. Hewitt

115 Pulmonary Sensitization 1263
David J. Hewitt

116 “Street” and Prescription Drug Abuse 1267
Sharon S. Kelley, James Godin, and John Christie

117 Mycotoxins 1283
Clara Y. Chan and Bruce J. Kelman

118 Phosphine 1295
Michael W. Perkins, Benjamin Wong, Dorian Olivera, and Alfred Sciuto

119 Diesel Exhaust 1301
J. Michael Berg, Phillip T. Goad, and Thomas W. Hesterberg

120 Spaceflight Operations 1311
Michael A. Cardinale, Philip J. Scarpa, James R. Taffer, and Daniel Woodard

121 Regulatory Toxicology 1321
David M. Polanic and Marek Banasik

Index 1331