Horticultural Reviews, Volume 47

Professor Ian James Warrington CNZM is a Palmerston North horticultural scientist and science administrator. He was former chief executive of HortResearch (now Plant & Food Research). He was a senior administrator at Massey University until his position was axed in a cost-saving move. He received the T. K. Sidey Medal in 1984, an award set up by the Royal Society of New Zealand for outstanding scientific research. He was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (CNZM) in the 2011 New Year Honours.

Contributors ix

Dedication: Theodore DeJong xi
Ian Warrington

1. Molecular Physiology of Fruit Growth in Apple 1
Anish Malladi

I. Introduction 2

II. Morphology and Anatomy of the Apple Fruit 2

III. Flower Growth Before Bloom 5

IV. Fruit Set 7

V. Fruit Growth 9

VI. Conclusions 31

Literature Cited 33

2. Mechanosensing of Plants 43
Marc‐André Sparke and Jens‐Norbert Wünsche

I. Introduction 44

II. Thigmomorphogenesis 47

III. Natural and Artificial Induction of Thigmo Responses 48

IV. Morphological Plant Responses 50

V. Physiological Plant Responses – Cellular Signaling 57

VI. Molecular Aspects 69

VII. Application Strategies in Horticulture 70

VIII. Conclusions 72

Literature Cited 73

3. Microgreens: Definitions, Product Types, and Production Practices 85
Sven Verlinden

I. Introduction 86

II. History of Immature Leafy Vegetables 92

III. Seedling Development in Other Crops – Growth and Development of Seedlings 94

IV. Production Strategies 96

V. Nutritional Value 104

VI. Microbiological Safety and Postharvest Biology and Technology 114

VII. Sensory Attributes and Qualities 117

VIII. Health Effects 117

IX. Future of Microgreens 118

Literature Cited 119

4. The Durian: Botany, Horticulture, and Utilization 125
Saichol Ketsa, Apinya Wisutiamonkul, Yossapol Palapol, and Robert E. Paull

I. Introduction 127

II. Botany 140

III. Cultural Practices 149

IV. Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value 173

V. Postharvest Physiology 177

VI. Harvesting and Postharvest Handling 184

VII. Utilization 192

VIII. Conclusions 195

Literature Cited 195

5. The genus Cupressus L.: Mythology to Biotechnology with Emphasis on Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) 213
Homayoun Farahmand

I. Introduction 215

II. Cupressaceae (Geographical Distribution and Horticultural Importance) 215

III. The Genus Cupressus 216

IV. The Role of Mediterranean Cypress in Persian Gardens 249

V. Medicinal Values 252

VI. Breeding and Genetic Improvement 254

VII. Abiotic and Biotic Challenges 256

VIII. Conservation of Genetic Resources 261

IX. Conventional Propagation and Micropropagation 263

X. Biotechnology 265

XI. Conclusions 267

Literature Cited 268

6. Taxonomy and Botany of the Caricaceae 289
V.M. Badillo and Freddy Leal

I. Introduction 290

II. History of the Papaya and Other Caricaceae 291

III. Taxonomic History 291

IV. New Proposals for the Taxonomy of Caricaceae 295

V. Botany of the Family and the Genera 297

VI. Concluding Comments 319

Literature Cited 320

7. Entomopathogens: Potential to Control Thrips in Avocado, with Special Reference to Beauveria bassiana 325
Gracian T. Bara and Mark D. Laing

I. Introduction 326

II. Commercial Production in South Africa 328

III. Requirements for Export and Local Quality 329

IV. Economics of Avocado Production 329

V. Pests and Diseases of Avocado 330

VI. Thrips of Avocado 330

VII. Management of Thrips 333

VIII. Entomopathogens 336

IX. Conclusions 356

Literature Cited 357

Subject Index 369

Cumulative Subject Index 372

Cumulative Contributor Index 406