Parental Care: Evolution, Mechanisms, And Adaptive Significance (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Parental Care: Evolution, Mechanisms, and Adaptive Significance 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 14
Preface 16
Introduction 18
PART I: PARENTAL CARE AMONG INVERTEBRATES AND EARLY VERTEBRATES 22
Chapter 1. Parental Care in Invertebrates 24
I. Introduction 24
II. Revisiting the Prime Movers of Care 25
III. Physiology of Care 27
IV. Parental Care Theory and Invertebrates 40
V. Paternal Care: Uniparental Male versus Biparental Care 54
VI. Summary 60
References 61
Chapter 2. Cause and Effect of Parental Care in Fishes: An Epigenetic Perspective 74
I. Introduction 74
II. The Diversity of Parental Care in Fishes 76
III. A General Model of Life History in Fishes 89
IV. Energy Requirements for Reproduction 93
V. Definitions of Parental Care 98
VI. A Review of Recent Work on Parental Care in Fishes 102
VII. The Epigenesis of Piscine Parental Care 111
VIII. Conclusions 119
References 121
Chapter 3. Parental Care among the Amphibia 130
I. Introduction 130
II. Phylogenetic Distribution of Parental Care 132
III. Modes of Parental Care: Occurrence and Function 134
IV. Geographic Distribution of Parental Care 143
V. Distribution of Parental Care between the Sexes 148
VI. Correlates of Parental Care 149
VII. Evolution of Parental Care 151
VIII. Flexibility in Parental Care 157
IX. Summary 159
References 161
Chapter 4. An Overview of Parental Care among the Reptilia 166
I. Introduction 166
II. The Reptilian Diversity 167
III. Structural Types of Parental Investment 169
IV. Physiological Types of Parental Investment 171
V. Behavioral Types of Parental Investment 173
VI. Opportunities for Study 174
VII. Summary 175
References 176
PART II: ENDOCRINE, NEURAL, AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS GOVERNING PARENTAL CARE AMONG MAMMALS AND BIRDS 180
Chapter 5. Neural and Hormonal Control of Parental Behavior in Birds 182
I. Introduction 182
II. Incubation Behavior 183
III. Defense of the Nest and Young 200
IV. Parental Responses toward Young 203
V. Summary 220
References 223
Chapter 6. Biochemical Basis of Parental Behavior in the Rat 236
I. Behavioral Responses of Parental Rats 236
II. Parental Behavior–A Developmental Perspective 236
III. Physiological Underpinnings of Parental Behavior 238
IV. Neurochemical Elements and Experiential Aspects of Parental Care 254
V. Overview: A Model for the Biochemical Regulation of Parental Care 256
References 258
Chapter 7. Somatosensation and Maternal Care in Norway Rats 264
I. Introduction 264
II. Somatosensation and Maternal Behavior 265
III. Trigeminal Somatosensation and Maternal Nurturance 273
IV. Ventral Trunk Somatosensation and Nursing Behavior 288
V. Somatosensation and Maternal Aggression 296
VI. Neurobiological Consequences and Implications 298
VII. General Conclusions and Summary 307
References 309
Chapter 8. Experiential Factors in Postpartum Regulation of Maternal Care 316
I. Introduction 316
II. Types of Experience 317
III. Functional Adaptiveness of Experience in the Service of "Good" Mothering 318
IV. The Physiology of Maternal Behavior 320
V. Conclusion 344
References 347
Chapter 9. Maternal Behavior in Rabbits: A Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspective 354
I. Introduction: Why Are Rabbits Interesting to Study? 354
II. Studying Rabbit Maternal Behavior in the Laboratory: What Can We Measure? 357
III. Participation of Estradiol, Progesterone, and Prolactin in the Initiation of Maternal Behavior 362
IV. Maintaining Maternal Behavior after Parturition: The Importance of the Interaction between Mother and Young 369
V. Recapitulation and Discussion 372
VI. Summary 376
References 377
Chapter 10. Parental Behavior in Voles 382
I. Introduction 382
II. Parental Behavior and Social Organization 382
III. Patterns of Parental Behavior 384
IV. Species Differences in the Rate of Litter Development 387
V. Environmental Factors Regulating Parental Behavior 390
VI. Neurobiological Basis of Parental Behavior 392
VII. Summary 401
References 402
Chapter 11. Physiological, Sensory, and Experiential Factors of Parental Care in Sheep 406
I. Introduction 406
II. The Control of Maternal Reponsiveness to the Neonate 408
III. The Control of Maternal Selectivity to the Neonate 418
IV. Conclusion 432
V. Summary 436
References 437
Chapter 12. Socialization, Hormones, and the Regulation of Maternal Behavior in Nonhuman Simian Primates 444
I. Introduction 444
II. The "Context" of Maternal Behavior Regulation 447
III. Preadult Socialization and Maternal Behavior 453
IV. Hormones and Maternal Behavior 462
V. A Socialization–Neuroendocrine Model 481
VI. Conclusions 483
VII. Summary 484
References 486
PART III: FUNCTIONAL, ECOLOGICAL, AND ADAPTIVE ASPECTS OF PARENTAL CARE 496
Chapter 13. Field Studies of Parental Care in Birds: New Data Focus Questions on Variation among Females 498
I. Introduction 498
II. What Do Males Do? What Do Females Do? 500
III. Male Parental Care and Female Fitness: The Adaptive Significance of Social Monogamy 508
IV. Sexual Conflict and Differential Parental Allocation 515
V. Extra-Pair Paternity 517
VI. Genetic Paternity and Paternal Care 528
VII. Maternal Care 537
VIII. Adaptive Significance of Parental Care in Birds 538
IX. The Future 542
X. Summary 543
References 544
Chapter 14. Parental Investment in Pinnipeds 554
I. Introduction 554
II. Background Information on Pinniped Systematics and Phylogeny 556
III. Parental Care Patterns in Pinnipeds 557
IV. Evidence for a Cost of Reproduction 567
V. Evidence for Differential Investment in Male and Female Offspring 576
VI. Postweaning Investment? 587
VII. Conclusion 588
References 591
Chapter 15. Individual Differences in Maternal Style: Causes and Consequences for Mothers and Offspring 600
I. Introduction 600
II. Individual Differences in Maternal Style 601
III. Consequences of Variation in Maternal Style for the Mother 612
IV. Consequences of Variation in Maternal Style for the Offspring 614
V. Proximate Mechanisms 623
VI. Conclusions 625
References 627
Chapter 16. Mother–Infant Communication in Primates 634
I. Introduction 634
II. Vocal Communication 635
III. Visual and Tactile Communication 647
IV. Parent–Infant Communication in Evolutionary Perspective 654
References 656
Chapter 17. Infant Care in Cooperatively Breeding Species 664
I. Introduction 664
II. How Do Helpers Help? 665
III. What Are the Factors That Influence Helping Behavior? 682
IV. What Benefits Do Helpers Receive? 688
V. What Mechanisms Inhibit Reproduction by Helpers? 696
VI. Future Research Directions 701
VII. Summary 702
References 704
Index 712
Contents of Previous Volumes 734