Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs (eBook)

Cover 1
Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs 4
Contents 6
Thematic Table of Contents 16
Contributors 20
A Guide to Using the Encyclopedia 24
Foreword 26
Preface 28
Dedication 30
Chapter A. Abelisauridae 32
African Dinosaurs 33
Age Determination 35
Albany Museum 37
Allosauroidea 37
American Dinosaurs 41
American Museum of Natural History 45
Ankylosauria 47
Archosauria 51
Arctometatarsalia 55
Australasian Dinosaurs 58
Aves 63
Avetheropoda 70
Avialae 70
Chapter B. Barun Goyot Formation 72
Bastús Nesting Site 73
Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Historical Geology 74
Bayan Mandahu 74
Bayn Dzak 74
Behavior 76
Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research 81
Biogeography 82
Biomechanics 88
Biometrics 90
Biomineralization 93
Biostratigraphy 96
Bipedality 99
Bird Origins 102
Bone Cabin Quarry 111
Braincase Anatomy 112
Bullatosauria 117
Chapter C. Cabo Espichel 118
Cameros Basin Megatracksite 118
Canadian Dinosaurs 121
Cañon City 122
Carenque 123
Carnegie Museum of Natural History 123
Carnosauria 125
Cedar Mountain Formation 129
Central Asiatic Expeditions 131
Cerapoda 136
Ceratopsia 137
Ceratosauria 137
Chemical Composition of Dinosaur Fossils 142
Chinese Dinosaurs 149
Chinle Formation 156
Cleveland–Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry 157
Cloverly Formation 159
Coelurosauria 160
Color 165
Como Bluff 166
Computers and Related Technology 168
Connecticut River Valley 174
Constructional Morphology 178
Coprolites 178
Craniofacial Air Sinus Systems 182
Cretaceous Period 190
Crocodylia 191
Crystal Palace 192
Chapter D. Dalton Wells Quarry 196
Deccan Basalt 197
Deinonychosauria 197
Denver Museum of Natural History 198
Devil’s Coulee Dinosaur Egg Site 198
Diet 200
Dinosauria: Definition 206
Dinosaur National Monument 210
Dinosauromorpha 210
Dinosaur Provincial Park 215
Dinosaur Ridge 215
Dinosaur Society 216
Dinosaur Valley 216
Dinoturbation 217
Distribution and Diversity 217
Djadokhta Formation 219
Dockum Group 222
Dromaeosauridae 225
Dry Mesa Quarry 227
Dryosauridae 228
Chapter E. Edmonton Group 230
Egg Mountain 236
Eggs, Eggshells, and Nests 236
Elmisauridae 240
Enantiornithes 241
Erenhot Dinosaur Museum 241
Euornithopoda 242
European Dinosaurs 243
Evolution 248
Extinction, Cretaceous 252
Extinction, Triassic 261
Chapter F. Fabrosauridae 268
Fatima 271
Feathered Dinosaurs 272
Footprints and Trackways 273
Forelimbs and Hands 276
Fruita Paleontological Area 285
Fruitland Formation 287
Functional Morphology 289
Chapter G. Gastralia 300
Gastroliths 301
Genasauria 302
Genetics 302
Geologic Time 304
Ghost Ranch 308
Glen Canyon Group 308
Glen Rose, Texas 311
Graduate Studies 311
Growth and Embryology 313
Growth Lines 319
Chapter H. Hadrosauridae 324
Hell Creek Flora 331
Hell Creek Formation 333
Herrerasauridae 334
Heterochrony 342
Heterodontosauridae 348
Hindlimbs and Feet 351
Histology of Bones and Teeth 360
History of Dinosaur Discoveries: Early Discoveries 371
History of Dinosaur Discoveries: First Golden Period 378
History of Dinosaur Discoveries: Quiet Times 381
History of Dinosaur Discoveries: Research Today 383
Howe Quarry 386
Hypsilophodontidae 387
Chapter I. Iguanodontidae 390
Indian Dinosaurs 392
Institute de Paléontologie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France 399
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China 400
Intelligence 401
Ischigualasto Formation 403
Chapter J. Japanese Dinosaurs 406
Judith River Wedge 410
Jurassic Park 416
Jurassic Period 418
Chapter K. Keuper Formation 420
Khodja-Pil-Ata 10
Kirtland Formation 421
Chapter L. Lameta Formation 424
Lance Formation 425
Land-Mammal Ages 426
Las Hoyas 429
Legislation Protecting Dinosaur Fossils 434
Life History 436
Lommiswil 437
Long Necks of Sauropods 437
Lufeng 440
Chapter M. Maniraptora 442
Maniraptoriformes 445
Marginocephalia 446
Megalosaurus 446
Megatracksites 448
Mesozoic Era 448
Mesozoic Faunas 450
Mesozoic Floras 453
Mexican Dinosaurs 464
Microvertebrate Sites 468
Middle Asian Dinosaurs 473
Migration 475
Mongolian Dinosaurs 478
Morrison Formation 482
Musculature 483
Muse´e des Dinosaures, Espe´raza, Aude, France 485
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 487
Museum of Earth Science, Brigham Young University 488
Museum of the Rockies 490
Museums and Displays 491
Chapter N. National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa 500
Natural History Museum, London 501
Nemegt Formation 502
Neoceratopsia 504
Neotetanurae 510
Newark Supergroup 510
Chapter O. Origin of Dinosaurs 512
Orlov Museum of Paleontology 518
Ornamentation 519
Ornithischia 525
Ornithodira 529
Ornithomimosauria 530
Ornithopoda 534
Ornithosuchia 534
Oviraptorosauria 536
Oxford Clay 540
Chapter P. Pachycephalosauria 542
Paleoclimatology 544
Paleoecology 546
Paleomagnetic Correlation 551
Paleoneurology 553
Paleontological Museum, Ulaan Baatar 555
Paleontology 556
Paleopathology 556
Pectoral Girdle 561
Pelvis, Comparative Anatomy 567
Permineralization 571
Petrified Forest 573
Phylogenetic System 574
Phylogeny of Dinosaurs 577
Physiology 583
Plants and Dinosaurs 588
Plate Tectonics 590
Polar Dinosaurs 593
Polish–Mongolian Paleontological Expeditions 604
Popular Culture, Literature 607
Postcranial Axial Skeleton 610
Postcranial Pneumaticity 621
Problems with the Fossil Record 625
Prosauropoda 630
Pseudofossils 638
Pseudosuchia 639
Psittacosauridae 642
Pterosauria 644
Pterosauromorpha 648
Purgatoire 649
Chapter Q. Quadrupedality 650
Chapter R. Radiometric Dating 654
Raptors 657
Reconstruction and Restoration 657
Reproductive Behavior and Rates 661
Reptiles 668
Rocky Hill Dinosaur Park 674
Royal Ontario Museum 675
Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology 677
Chapter S. Samcheonpo 678
Saurischia 678
Sauropoda 685
Sauropodomorpha 689
Sino–Canadian Dinosaur Project 692
Sino–Soviet Expeditions 692
Sino–Swedish Expeditions 693
Size 694
Size and Scaling 696
Skeletal Structures 699
Skin 700
Skull, Comparative Anatomy 706
Smithsonian Institution 706
Solnhofen Formation 707
South African Museum 708
South American Dinosaurs 709
Southeast Asian Dinosaurs 720
Soviet–Mongolian Paleontological Expeditions 722
Speciation 724
Species 726
Spinosauridae and Baryonychidae 730
State Museum for Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany 731
Staurikosauridae 732
Stegosauria 732
Systematics 735
Chapter T. Taphonomy 744
Teeth and Jaws 748
Tendaguru 756
Tetanurae 758
Thecodontia 759
Therizinosauria 760
Theropoda 762
Thyreophora 768
Tooth Marks 769
Tooth Replacement Patterns 770
Tooth Serrations in Carnivorous Dinosaurs 771
Tooth Wear 774
Trace Fossils 776
Triassic Period 778
Troodontidae 780
Trophic Groups 786
Trossingen 789
Two Medicine Formation 791
Tyrannosauridae 797
Chapter U. Ukhaa Tolgod 800
University of California Museum of Paleontology 801
Chapter V. Variation 804
Vertebrata 811
Vertebrate Paleontology 812
Von Ebner Incremental Growth Lines 812
Chapter W. Wealden Group 814
Willow Creek Anticline 817
Chapter Y. Yale Peabody Museum 818
Chapter Z. Zigong Museum 821
Resources 826
Index 860