Birds and Climate Change (eBook)

Cover 1
Contributors to Volume 35 5
Preface 7
Acknowledgements 9
Contents 11
Arrival and Departure Dates 17
I. Summary 17
II. A Brief History 18
III. Variation of Arrival Dates During the Last 250 Years 20
IV. Current Data and Approaches 20
V. How is Earlier Arrival Achieved? 25
VI. Statistics 27
VII. Confounding Factors 28
VIII. Overview of Changes of Timing in the Latter Part of the 20th Century 29
IX. Consequence of Changing Timing 43
X. Future Work 44
References 44
Migratory Fuelling and Global Climate Change 49
I. Summary 49
II. Introduction 49
III. Changing Stopover Habitats 51
IV. Migratory Fuelling and Successful Migration 52
V. Plasticity in Migratory Performance: Does It Matter? 53
VI. Energy Stores and Migration Performance 54
VII. Outlook 58
References 60
Using Large-Scale Data from Ringed Birds for the Investigation of Effects of Climate... 65
I. Summary 65
II. Introduction 66
III. Changes in Migration Behaviour 67
IV. Identification of Underlying Factors and the Role of Climate Change 80
References 82
Breeding Dates and Reproductive Performance 85
I. Summary 85
II. Introduction 86
III. Changes in Temperature 86
IV. How Does Temperature Affect the Timing of Reproduction? 87
IV. How Does Temperature Affect the Timing of Reproduction? 87
V. Changes in Laying Date and Reproductive Performance 91
VI. The Effect of Climate Change on Particular Species and Locations 96
VII. What Causes Changes in Timing of Breeding? 99
VIII. Conclusions 100
Acknowledgements 101
Reference 101
Global Climate Change Leads to Mistimed Avian Reproduction 105
I. Summary 105
II. Introduction 106
III. Why Global Climate Change Will Lead to Reproductive Mistiming 108
IV. Consequences of Reproductive Mistiming 114
V. Adaptations to Reproductive Mistiming 117
VI. Discussion and Conclusions 120
Acknowledgements 124
References 124
Analysis and Interpretation of Long-Term Studies Investigating Responses to Climate Change 127
I. Summary 127
II. Introduction 128
III. Methodological Considerations 129
IV. Interpretational Considerations 136
V. Conclusions and Further Directions 142
Acknowledgements 143
References 144
Photoperiodic Response and the Adaptability of Avian Life Cycles to Environmental Change 147
I. Summary 147
II. Introduction 148
III. Responses to Temporal and Spatial Variation in Photoperiodic Conditions 154
IV. Conclusion 163
References 163
Microevolutionary Response to Climatic Change 167
I. Summary 167
II. Introduction 168
III. Microevolutionary Change„Mechanisms and Approaches 171
IV. The Prospective Importance of Different Evolutionary Processes to Adaptive 175
V. Changes in the Level of Genetic Variation 179
VI. Adaptive Changes in Laying Date in Response to Climate Change 181
VII. Microevolutionary Response of Migratory Behaviour 182
VIII. Conclusions and Outlook 191
References 192
Climate Influences on Avian Population Dynamics 201
I. Summary 201
II. Introduction 202
III. Impact of Weather on Avian Population Dynamics 203
IV. Modelling Population Dynamical Consequences of Changes in Climate 213
V. Discussion 219
Acknowledgements 221
References 221
Importance of Climate Change for the Ranges, Communities and Conservation of Birds 227
I. Summary 227
II. Introduction 228
III. Changes in Climate 229
IV. HOW TO ANALYSE THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE 230
V. Influence of Climate Change on the Ranges of Birds 232
VI. Influence of Climate Change on Avian Communities 240
VII. Conservation Consequences of Climate Change 246
VIII. Conclusions and Future Directions 247
References 227
The Challenge of Future Research on Climate Change and Avian Biology 253
I. Summary 253
II. Introduction 254
III. The Effects of Climate on Avian Biology 254
IV. Phenotypic Plasticity or Micro-Evolutionary Change 257
V. Complex Annual Cycles 258
VI. Latitudinal Gradients as Model Systems 258
VII. Conclusions 259
References 260
Subject Index 263
Advances in Ecological Research Volume 1–35 269