Manual of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine and Blood Banking (eBook)

Kenichiro Yagi, BS, RVT, VTS (ECC, SAIM), is an ICU Manager and the Blood Bank Manager at Adobe Animal Hospital in Los Altos, California, USA. Marie K. Holowaychuk, DVM, DACVECC is a specialist in small animal emergency and critical care and works as a locum criticalist, speaker, and consultant.

Cover 1
Title Page 5
Copyright 6
Dedication 7
Contents 9
Contributors 11
About the Editors 13
Preface 15
Section I Introduction to Veterinary Transfusion Medicine 17
Chapter 1 Evolution of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine and Blood Banking 19
Introduction 19
History of transfusion medicine 19
Current veterinary transfusion and blood banking practices 23
Advancements in veterinary transfusion medicine 25
Future directions 26
References 27
Chapter 2 Component Therapy 29
Introduction 29
Whole blood 29
Component therapy 30
Overview of blood components 34
Improving product quality 39
Liberal versus restrictive transfusion strategies 39
Summary 40
References 40
Section II Blood Products 43
Chapter 3 Red Blood Cell Products 45
Introduction 45
Blood products 45
Storage 46
Indications 50
Preparing for transfusions of RBC products 51
Dosage and rate 52
Administration methods 54
Alternatives to allogenic RBC transfusions 55
References 56
Chapter 4 Plasma Products 59
Introduction 59
Plasma constituents 59
Plasma products and preparation 59
Storage of frozen plasma products 63
Indications for plasma therapy 63
Thawing, administration, and dosage of plasma 66
Adverse reactions to plasma products 67
Summary 68
References 68
Chapter 5 Platelet Products 71
Introduction 71
Indications for platelet transfusions 71
Preparation 72
Storage 74
Platelet transfusion guidelines 80
Platelet transfusion refractoriness 81
Adverse events associated with platelet transfusions 82
Conclusion 83
References 83
Chapter 6 Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier Solutions 86
Introduction 86
Oxygen delivery and content 86
Hemoglobin and oxygen affinity 86
Early HBOC solutions 87
Development of an ideal HBOC solution 88
Development of HBOC solutions for human use 89
Development of an HBOC solution for veterinary use 91
Conclusion 96
References 96
Chapter 7 Alternative Plasma Protein Products: Albumin and Human Immunoglobulin Therapy 99
Introduction 99
Albumin 99
Causes and consequences of hypoalbuminemia 101
Albumin transfusion in human medicine 102
Indications for albumin therapy in veterinary patients 103
Albumin supplementation in small animals 103
Alternatives to albumin transfusions 108
Human intravenous immunoglobulin 108
Conclusions 115
References 116
Chapter 8 Miscellaneous Blood Product Usage 119
Introduction 119
Autologous serum eye drops 119
Autologous blood patch pleurodesis 122
Platelet-rich concentrates 124
Summary 128
References 128
Section III Blood Product Administration 131
Chapter 9 Canine Recipient Screening 133
Introduction 133
Blood group genetics 133
Pre-transfusion testing 134
Advanced diagnostics 141
Pre-transfusion testing in unique clinical situations 142
Conclusion 143
References 143
Chapter 10 Feline Recipient Screening 145
Erythrocyte antigens 145
Prevalence of blood types 150
Compatibility testing 156
Summary 167
Acknowledgements 167
References 167
Chapter 11 Transfusion-Associated Complications 171
Introduction 171
Immunologic transfusion reactions: acute 171
Immunologic transfusion reactions: delayed 174
Non-immunologic transfusion reactions: acute 176
Non-immunologic transfusion reactions: delayed 179
Diagnosis of transfusion reactions 180
Treatment of transfusion reactions 180
Approach to transfusion reactions 183
Preventing transfusion-associated complications 184
References 184
Chapter 12 Recipient Monitoring 188
Introduction 188
Approach to transfusion monitoring 188
Approach to transfusion-associated complications 190
Monitoring parameters 190
Monitoring administration rate 198
Initial response to transfusion-associated complications 200
Conclusions 200
References 200
Section IV Blood Banking 203
Chapter 13 Canine Donor Selection 205
Introduction 205
Considerations in donor selection 205
Preventative health 212
Incentives 213
References 214
Chapter 14 Canine Blood Collection 215
Introduction 215
Donor selection 215
Donor eligibility 215
Pre-donation procedure 218
Collection techniques 221
Post-donation care 225
References 227
Chapter 15 Feline Donor Selection 228
Introduction 228
Considerations in donor selection 228
Donor health assessment 229
Feline blood types 231
Blood-typing tests 232
Infectious disease screening 234
Preventative measures 235
Incentives 235
References 237
Chapter 16 Feline Blood Collection 239
Introduction 239
Donor selection 239
Donor eligibility 239
Pre-donation procedure 240
Collection techniques 242
Post-donation care 250
Home care tips for owners 251
Other considerations for blood collection 251
Acknowledgement 251
References 251
Chapter 17 Blood Component Processing and Storage 253
Introduction 253
Processing 253
Storage 266
Quality control and quality assurance 268
References 270
Section V Meeting Blood Product Demands 273
Chapter 18 Blood Product Sources 275
Introduction 275
Sources of blood products 275
Considerations for establishing an in-clinic blood bank 277
Costs of an animal blood bank 279
Standard operating procedures for an in-hospital blood bank 282
Summary 285
References 285
Chapter 19 Donor Program Management 287
Introduction 287
Licensing requirements 287
Donor management 287
Donor recruitment 288
Product demand 293
Equipment needs 294
Management and staffing 294
Blood drives 296
Customer service 296
Donor appreciation 297
Reducing blood bank demands 298
Summary 299
References 299
Chapter 20 Limiting Allogenic Blood Transfusions 300
Introduction 300
Paradigm shift in human transfusion medicine 300
Patient blood management 300
Autologous transfusion 302
Transfusion triggers 304
Transfusion targets 305
Applications in veterinary patients 305
Autologous transfusions in veterinary patients 309
Conclusions 310
References 310
Chapter 21 Alternative Transfusion Methods 312
Introduction 312
Xenotransfusion 312
Autologous transfusion 313
Conclusions 320
References 321
Section VI Transfusion Medicine in Other Species 323
Chapter 22 Equine Transfusion Medicine 325
Introduction 325
Indications for red blood cell transfusions 325
Indications for plasma product transfusions 326
Equine blood groups 327
Compatibility testing 327
Donor selection 329
Blood collection technique 329
Anticoagulants 331
Component processing and storage 331
Blood product administration 332
Monitoring and adverse reactions 333
References 335
Chapter 23 Food and Fiber Animal Transfusion Medicine 337
Introduction 337
Indications for transfusion of blood or blood products 337
Blood products 338
Donor selection 340
Screening for blood group compatibility 341
Blood collection 341
Blood component processing 344
Whole blood and component blood product administration 344
Summary 347
References 347
Chapter 24 Avian Transfusion Medicine 350
Introduction 350
Avian erythrocyte physiology 350
Indications for blood transfusions 351
Blood groups and types 351
Donor selection 352
Blood collection 352
Component processing and storage 353
Blood administration 354
Monitoring and complications 356
Post-transfusion follow up 356
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier solutions 356
References 359
Chapter 25 Small Mammal Transfusion Medicine 361
Introduction 361
Indications for transfusions 361
Donor selection 362
Donor evaluation 362
Blood types 363
Crossmatching 363
Blood collection and common venipuncture sites 364
Blood banking 369
Calculating blood requirements 369
Blood administration 370
Transfusion reactions 372
Alternatives to blood transfusions 372
Conclusions 372
References 372
Chapter 26 Reptile and Amphibian Transfusion Medicine 374
Introduction 374
Reptilian physiology 374
Amphibian physiology 374
Anemia 375
Indications for blood transfusions 375
Blood groups and types 376
Donor selection 376
Blood collection 376
Blood administration 378
Monitoring and complications 379
Post-transfusion follow up 380
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier solutions 380
References 380
Chapter 27 Primate Transfusion Medicine 382
Introduction 382
Indications for blood transfusions 382
Blood components 383
Blood groups and types 384
Immunologic transfusion complications 385
Donor selection 385
Blood collection 385
Component processing and storage 386
Blood administration 386
Monitoring and complications 387
Post-transfusion follow up 390
References 390
Index 393
EULA 404

"...this book helps to fill a current void in the veterinary transfusion subspecialty. It will be a useful ready reference for any practice that maintains a blood banking program or provides transfusion services." (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 15/03/2017)