Engineering Geophysics

Anna Bondo Medhus holds a Ph.D. in seismology from the Department of GeoScience, Aarhus University, 2010. In her current position at Energinet, Anna works with pre-investigations related to energy transmission projects and renewable energy. Anna was a researcher and research program manager at VIA University College (2018-2022) in the Center of Applied Research and Development in Building, Energy and Environment (Horsens, Denmark). She managed research projects mainly related to pre-investigation for urban development projects and in collaboration with several partners like consultancy companies, and utilities. She developed and taught a course in geophysics for engineering students, which provided insight on the needs of engineers and how to teach students from other professions. From 2010 to 2018 Anna was employed in COWI as a specialist in applied geophysics working with site investigations for various construction and foundation projects in nationwide and international project groups. She was leading work on optimizing data access and data management throughout COWIs geoscience, groundwater, and geotechnical groups. Anna has always had a focus on the dissemination of knowledge with a keen eye for the interest, needs and starting point of the audience. Her art is to make difficult topics easily understandable without compromising on facts. Lone Klinkby holds a PhD in deep reflection seismics from the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Aarhus, 1998. Currently Lone works in COWI as Project Director and Business Development Director within Energy and Geoscience. From 2008-2011 she worked within Research and Development at Vattenfall with a focus on deep CO₂storage demonstrations projects in Denmark and Germany. Further, she participated in international scientist projects and networks on CO₂storage guidance and monitoring. Former positions include research on reservoir geophysical data at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (1998-2005). COWI is an international consulting group within the engineering disciplines of energy, buildings, infrastructure, and environment. Lone is part of a group of geophysicists and geologists working across departments in close connection with COWIs geotechnical groups. Since 2011 she has worked with applied geophysics for projects related to deep and shallow foundations both on- and offshore. She is an active participant in international project groups and her work includes leading combined projects on pre-investigations and for establishing decision foundations for the transition toward renewable energy. Lone work in the interface between professions and strive for increasing interpersonal understanding for the benefit of the projects.

1. Introduction. 2. Scope of Work. 3. Relationship between geotechnical and geophysical methods. 4. Gravimetric Methods. 5. Magnetometer Methods. 6. Direct current resistivity methods. 7. Electromagnetic methods. 8. Ground Penetrating Radar. 9. Reflection Seismic Methods. 10. Seismic Refraction Methods. 11. Surface Waves Methods. 12. Case: Mapping potential Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). 13. Case: Geophysical investigation to delineate landfill. 14. Case: 3D GPR in the inner yard at Frederiksborg Castle. 15. Case: Mapping of utilities when developing at an old coal storage facility. 16. Case: Near-surface electromagnetic survey to support the design of urban development plans. 17. Case: Archaeological Investigation to identify a Romano-British farmstead using magnetic gradiometry. 18. Case: Integrated Geophysical survey to locate buried structures. 19. Case: Total field magnetometry to locate buried foundations. 20. Case: Utility mapping with GPR at Copenhagen Harbour. 21. CASE: Thickness of peat and depth to bedrock for road construction using Ground Penetrating Radar. 22. Case: Multidisciplinary geophysical investigation for a new railway track in Norway. 23. Case: Road maintenance and ground frost. 24. Case: Depth to bedrock detection by integration of Airborne EM data with sparse geotechnical drilling data for early phase road alignment. 25. Case: Delineation of Aggregates Gravels, Sands and Silts using Electrical Resistivity Tomography. 26. Case: Delineation of Material Type for Use in Ready-mix Concrete. 27. Case: Mapping Railroad Ballast and Geology using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). 28. Case: Assessing Loose Soils for Tower Cable Anchors using Electrical Resistivity. 29. Case: Delineation of Soft Soils and Bedrock Depth using integrated methods. 30. Case: High-definition bedrock depth and conditions for urban construction project site evaluation in Switzerland using seismic refraction with combined GRM and tomographic approach. 31. Case: Paleo-channel investigation for seepage pathway potentials. 32. Case: Near-surface electromagnetic survey to support the design of climate adaptation in urban development plans. 33. Case: Geophysical investigation of slope stability using Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Seismic Refraction, and Surface Waves. 34. Case: Integrated geophysical investigation to map a landslip. 35. Case: Mapping of quick clay risk by Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). 36. Case: Quick clay volume delineation based on AEM resistivity, geotechnical soundings, and lab samples. 37. Case: Depth to bedrock and weak zone detection for tunnel design under water passages. 38. Case: 3D model of depth to bedrock for a new train tunnel under the capital of Norway. 39. Case: Screening for ground risk ahead of tunnel design and construction activities. 40. Case: Geometrical complex ground model for large industrial construction sites: Ultra-High-Resolution with shear waves – Qualification flow and application. 41. Case: Identifying weakness zones and geological boundaries across tunnel alignments using airborne electromagnetics. 42. Case: Delineation of Soil Type, Dam Leakage, Underground Voids, and Water Flow in Tunnels. 43. Case: Pre-investigations for horizontal directional drilling in Copenhagen. 44. Case: Mapping depth to bedrock along a planned cable route. 45. Case: Mapping bedrock profiles for cable landings using seismic refraction and surface waves (MASW). 46. Case: Lake bottom investigations with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). 47. Case: Pre-investigations for pipeline crossing of a stream. 48. Case: Delineation of Palaeokarst Features Under a Proposed Tailings Facility Using ERT, Seismic Refraction, and Micro-Gravity. 49. Case: The Identification of Leaks in Tailings Storage Facility Impoundment Dam Walls using ERT and IP. 50. Case: Groundwater vulnerability assessment for new motorway using ERT.