Emerging Trends in Electrical, Communications, and Information Technologies (eBook)

Organizing Committee 6
Chief Patron 6
Patron 6
Co-patron 6
General Chair 6
Organizing Chair 6
Program Chair 7
Program Co-Chair 7
International Program Committee 7
Technical Program Committee 7
Advisory Committee 11
Steering Committee 11
Contents 12
Computer Science and Engineering 18
Patient Nurse Communication with Vital Sign Monitoring and Alert 19
1 Introduction 20
2 Related Work 21
3 Proposed System 22
4 Methodology 22
4.1 Vital Sign Monitoring 22
4.2 Drip Infusion Monitoring 24
4.3 Key Sets Functionality 25
4.4 Priority Based Service 25
5 Results 26
6 Conclusion 26
References 27
Proposed Method for Segmenting Skin Lesions Images 28
1 Introduction 28
2 Literature Review 29
3 Methodology 31
3.1 Image Pre-processing 31
3.2 Image Segmentation 32
3.3 Proposed Segmentation Algorithm 33
3.4 Post Processing 34
3.5 Features Extraction 34
3.6 Classification Phase 34
4 Experimental Results 35
4.1 Performance Measures 35
5 Conclusions 37
References 37
Extending a Flexible Searching Tool for Multiple Database Formats 39
1 Introduction 39
2 RFuzzy 40
3 FleSe 41
3.1 A Brief Review of Semantics Used by FleSe 42
3.2 Query Syntax 42
3.3 New Approaches Added to FleSe 43
4 Implementation Details 43
4.1 Database Uploading Interface 43
4.2 The Output Interface 45
5 Query Syntax 46
5.1 Combining Crisp and Fuzzy Queries 46
6 Conclusion 48
References 48
Surpassing Traditional Image-Colorization Problems with Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks 50
1 Introduction 51
2 Approach 52
2.1 LAB Colorspace 52
2.2 Generative Adversarial Networks 52
2.3 Conditional GAN 53
2.4 Network Architecture 54
3 Results 58
4 Conclusion 59
References 60
Memristor—The New Computing Element for Data-Centric Real-Time Image Processing 62
1 Introduction 62
2 Memristor—What's that All About? 63
2.1 Memristor Definition 64
2.2 HP Memristor 65
3 Memristor for a True in—Memory Computing 66
3.1 Memristor for Non-volatile RAM's 66
3.2 Memristor Logic Styles 68
3.3 Different Memristor Based Logic Styles 69
4 Proposed Memristive Framework for Image Processing 70
4.1 Memristor Aided LoGIC 70
4.2 Voltage-Controlled ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor Model 71
5 Conclusion 72
References 72
Data Analysis and Prediction of Survey on Effect of Smart Phones on Society 74
1 Introduction 74
2 Related Work 76
3 Methodology 76
3.1 Survey I 77
3.2 Survey II 77
4 Results 78
4.1 Survey I 78
4.2 Survey II 78
5 Conclusion 81
References 82
An Efficient Constraint-Based Local Search for Maximizing Water Retention on Magic Squares 84
1 Introduction 84
2 Basic Terminologies Related to Water Retention 85
2.1 Magic Squares 85
2.2 Water Retention on Magic Squares 86
3 Related Work 87
4 Our Proposed Approach 88
5 Experimental Results 90
6 Conclusion 91
References 92
Predicting the Degree of Emotional Support in an Online Health Forum for HIV Using Data Mining Techniques 93
1 Introduction 93
2 Literature Survey 95
3 Methodology 97
3.1 Data Acquisition 97
3.2 Data Preprocessing 97
3.3 Behavioral Support Group Identification 97
3.4 Emotional Support Degree Prediction 100
4 Experimental Results 102
4.1 Behavioral Support Group Identification 102
4.2 Emotional Support Degree Prediction 103
5 Conclusion and Future Work 104
References 105
PLEACH-U: An Energy Efficient Uniformly Distributed Cluster Heads Routing Protocol 107
1 Introduction 107
2 Related Work 108
3 Proposed Work 110
4 Simulations Results 114
5 Conclusion 114
References 115
IOT Based Smart Home and Prediction of Energy Consumption 117
1 Introduction 117
2 Related Work 118
3 Proposed System 119
3.1 System Architecture 119
3.2 Working of System 121
3.3 System Modules 123
4 Result and Analysis 123
5 Conclusion and Future Work 126
References 127
Need for Hybrid Lexicon Based Context Aware Sentiment Analysis for Handling Uncertainty—An Experimental Study 129
1 Introduction 129
2 Literature Review 131
3 Related Terms and Concepts 133
4 Dataset and Analysis 134
5 Conclusion and Future Work 135
References 135
Intelligent Computing for Air Pollution Monitoring Using GIS, Remote Sensing and Machine Learning 137
1 Introduction 137
2 Aerosol 138
3 Aerosol Data Acquisition and Geospatial Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS 139
4 Intelligent Computing for Air Pollution Monitoring 143
5 Conclusions 144
References 144
Electrical and Electronics Engineering 146
Distribution Power Quality Improvement Using Impedance Source Inverter (ZSI) 147
1 Introduction 147
2 Impedance Source Inverter (ZSI) 148
2.1 Inductor Design 150
2.2 Capacitor Design 150
3 Proposed Control Methods 150
3.1 Modified Unipolar Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Technique 151
3.2 Modified Bipolar Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Technique 153
4 Distribution STATCOM in Power System 155
5 Results and Findings 156
5.1 Proposed Unipolar PWM Technique Applied for Distribution STATCOM 156
5.2 Proposed Bipolar PWM Technique Applied for Distribution STATCOM 157
6 Conclusion 158
References 159
Techno Economic Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Electrification System in Different Climatic Zones 160
1 Introduction 161
2 Methodology 162
3 Hybrid Model Description 162
3.1 Consumer Demand Assessment 162
3.2 RE Resource Assessment 163
3.3 Hybrid System Components and Specifications 164
3.4 Power Dispatch Strategy 165
4 Homer Analysis 166
4.1 Optimization Analysis 166
4.2 Sensitivity Analysis 167
5 Results and Discussion 167
5.1 Evidence on NPC 170
5.2 Evidence on COE 170
5.3 Renewable Fraction Impacts 171
5.4 Diesel Consumption and Carbon Emission 171
5.5 Ranking Process 172
6 Conclusion 172
References 174
Mathematical Modelling of STATCOM for Reactive Power Compensation in Power System and Approach to the Renewable Energy 176
1 Introduction 177
2 Conclusion 182
References 182
Constant Current Analysis of Shell Type Transformer at Different Temperatures of Core by Using Quickfield Software 184
1 Introduction 184
2 Temperature Dependence of Core Parameters 185
2.1 Core Loss 185
2.2 Core Loss 185
3 Design of 2D Transformer Model 186
4 Results and Discussion 189
4.1 Case-I 189
4.2 Case-II 189
5 Conclusion 192
References 192
Effect of Load Model and Load Level on DG Placement by Crow Search Algorithm 194
1 Introduction 194
2 Analytical Method 196
2.1 Methodology 197
2.2 Algorithm for DG Placement 198
2.3 Crow Search Algorithm 199
3 Time Varying Loads in Distribution Systems 200
4 Load Modeling in Distribution Systems 201
5 Results and Discussions 202
5.1 Effect of Load Level 202
5.2 Effect of Load Modeling 204
5.3 Comparison with Existing Method 206
6 Conclusions 206
References 207
A Control Strategy for Optimal Coordination of Interconnected Distribution System Using Dual Setting Directional over Current Relays (DSDOR) 208
1 Introduction 208
2 Protection Coordination Schemes 209
3 Problem Formulation 210
4 System and Simulation Setup 211
5 Results and Analysis 213
6 Conclusion 220
References 220
An Investigation of Li-Ion Battery Performance for AC Drives Used in Electric Vehicular Technology 222
1 Introduction 222
2 Mathematical Modelling of Li-Ion Battery 223
3 Comparative Analysis of Various EVTmanufacturers 225
4 Li-Ion Battery Performance Results 225
5 Conclusion 229
References 229
Fuzzy Based Fractional Order Integer Controller for LFC of Multi Area Deregulated Power System 231
1 Introduction 231
1.1 Deregulated Power System 232
2 Fractional Calculus 234
2.1 Fractional-Order Fuzzy PI Controller 235
3 Fuzzy Logic Controller 235
4 Simulation Results 237
4.1 Thermal-Thermal Power System 237
4.2 Hydro-thermal Power System 245
5 Conclusions 253
References 253
Design of a 22 W (0.7 A) Current Controlled DC-DC Flyback Converter Operating in DCM Mode 255
1 Introduction 255
2 Mode of Operation 256
3 Circuit Analysis and Design 258
4 Design Considerations and Selection of Switching Devices 261
5 Other Design Specifications 261
6 Results and Verification 262
7 Conclusion 265
References 265
Two Loop PI Controlled Cascaded Re-Boost Seven Level Inverter Fed Induction Motor System with Superior Dynamic Response 267
1 Introduction 267
2 Lay Out of Planned System 269
3 Simulation Diagram and Results 270
3.1 Closed Loop RBSLIIM System with Single PI Controller 270
3.2 Closed Loop RBSLIIM System with PI-PI Controller 272
4 Results and Discussion 273
5 Conclusion 274
References 275
Load Sharing in Parallel Converters Using Adaptive Voltage Control for DC Micro-grid Application 276
1 Introduction 276
1.1 Master Slave Control 277
1.2 Droop Based Control 277
2 Methodology for Equal Current Sharing 279
3 Modelling of the System 280
4 Simulation Results 282
4.1 By Varying Cable Resistance R1, R2 283
4.2 By Varying Cable Resistance Along with Output Reference Voltage 284
5 Conclusion 286
References 286
PSO Based Reactive Power Coordination of PV System and Voltage Controlled Devices 288
1 Introduction 288
2 Modeling of PV System 289
3 Problem Formulation 290
4 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm 291
5 Test System 292
6 Results and Discussion 292
7 Conclusion 294
References 296
An Overview of Gasifier and Its Application in Indian Context 298
1 Introduction 299
2 Classification of Gasifiers 299
2.1 Conversion Route of Biomass 301
3 Application of Gasifiers 302
3.1 Biomass to Electrical Energy 302
3.2 Power Generation by Gasifier 303
3.3 Thermal Mode of Gasifier 304
3.4 Biomass Gasifier Centered Other Application 305
3.5 Recent Status of Hydrogen (a Rich Gas) Manufacturing from Bio Fuel Gasification in a Downdraft Gasifier 307
4 Drawbacks/Problems in Biomass Gasification with Probable Solutions 307
5 Overview of Non-conventional Energy Information in India 309
6 Conclusion 312
References 313
Comparative Analysis of Flying Capacitor and H-Bridge Multilevel Matrix Converters for DFIG Based Wind Energy Conversion System 315
1 Introduction 315
2 Modeling and Control of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Matrix Converter Topology 317
2.1 Control Strategy of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Matrix Converter 317
3 Modeling and Control of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Matrix Converter Topology 319
3.1 Control of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Matrix Converter 320
4 Simulation Results and Discussion 321
4.1 Result Analysis of SVPWM Based Flying Capacitor MMC for DFIG System 321
4.2 Result Analysis of SVPWM Based H-Bridge MMC for DFIG System 323
5 Conclusion 325
References 325
A Modified EHO Algorithm Utilized DPFC for Power Quality Enhancement in Smart Grid 327
1 Introduction 328
2 Recent Research Works: A Brief Review 328
3 Modified EHO Algorithm Based DPFC for Mitigation of PQ Issues 329
3.1 MWT Based Feature Extraction 330
3.2 Controlling Process of DPFC 331
3.3 The Power Flow Control Using Proposed Modified EHO Algorithm 332
4 Results and Discussion 335
5 Conclusion 338
References 338
Day and Night Analysis of PV-STATCOM for Power Compensation Using Hybrid Technique 340
1 Introduction 340
2 Design of the PV-STATCOM with Control Structure 341
2.1 Control Structure of the Proposed Method 342
2.2 Enhanced CSO Algorithm with Aid of PSO for Control Analysis 344
3 Results and Discussions 345
3.1 Performance Analysis 346
4 Conclusion 349
References 350
Optimal Tuning of Multi-machine Power System Stabilizer Parameters Using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) Algorithm 352
1 Introduction 352
2 Overview of Grey Wolf Optimizer 353
2.1 Searching for Prey 354
2.2 Encircling Prey 354
2.3 Hunting 355
2.4 Attacking Prey 356
2.5 Searching for Prey 356
3 Proposed Method Implementation 356
4 Test System and Results 357
5 Conclusion 359
References 360
A Novel Method for Dynamic Stability Enhancement of SMIB System 361
1 Introduction 361
2 Modeling of Power System with UPFC 362
3 Proposed Method 364
4 Test System and Results 365
5 Conclusion 370
References 370
Customer Loss Allocation Reduction Using Optimal Conductor Selection in Electrical Distribution System 372
1 Introduction 373
2 Definition of Optimal Conductor Selection (OCS) Cost Function 374
3 Optimization Problem for OCS 375
4 Teaching-Learning Based Optimization Algorithm [23] 375
5 Flow Chart for OCS Using TLBO 377
6 Results and Discussion 377
7 Conclusion 380
References 381
Analytical Approach Optimal Sizing and Time Scheduling of ESS Charging-Discharging Energy in Distribution Networks 383
1 Introduction 383
2 Conceptual Distribution Network Design and Modelling 384
2.1 System Load Modelling 384
2.2 PV Modelling (Solar) 385
2.3 Energy Storage System (ESS) Modeling 386
2.4 Conceptual Design of Distribution Network 387
2.5 Impact Indices 388
2.6 Energy Loss (EL) 390
2.7 Proposed Mathematical Expressions for Sizing of Units 391
3 Case Study 393
4 Conclusion 395
References 396
Optimal Load Scheduling of Thermal Power Plants by Genetic Algorithm 398
1 Introduction 399
2 Problem Formulation 400
3 Methodology 401
3.1 Genetic Set of Rules Operator 402
3.2 Variables of GA 403
3.3 Proposed Algorithm 404
4 Results and Analysis 405
4.1 Test Case I 405
4.2 Results for Test Case I 408
4.3 Test Case II 408
5 Conclusion 409
References 410
A Novel Approach of Non-dominated Sorting TLBO for Multi Objective Short-Term Generation Scheduling of Hydrothermal-Wind Integrated System 411
1 Introduction 411
2 Problem Formulation 413
2.1 Multi-objective Functions 413
2.2 System and Constraints of Hydrothermal-Wind System 415
3 Solution Methodology 416
3.1 Overview of TLBO Algorithm 416
3.2 Non-dominated Sorting TLBO Algorithm 417
3.3 Fuzzy Membership Function 419
4 Numerical Results 420
5 Conclusion 426
References 427
Reliability Improvement for the DC Link Capacitor with Integrated Active Filter Capabilities in Wind Power Converter 429
1 Introduction 429
2 System Configuration 430
2.1 Structure of Wind Turbine 430
2.2 DC-Link Capacitor Thermal Model 431
2.3 Bidirectional DC–DC Converter and MPPT Controller 432
2.4 Evaluation of dc-Link Lifetime 433
3 MATLAB Simulation Results Analysis 434
3.1 Electrical Stress of dc-Link 434
3.2 Thermal Stress 436
3.3 Reliability Evaluation 436
4 Conclusion 437
References 438
Electronics and Communications Engineering 439
Design and Full Wave Green’s Function Analysis of Two Layer Hemispherical DRA 440
1 Introduction 440
2 System Model 442
3 Numerical Results and Discussion 444
3.1 Maximum Impedance Bandwidth 446
3.2 Radiation Pattern 447
4 Conclusion 448
References 448
Design and Implementation of Argo NI-NoC Micro-architecture for MPSoC Using GALS Architecture 450
1 Introduction 451
2 Overall Architecture 455
3 Simulation Results 458
4 Conclusion 460
References 460
High Speed, Low Matchline Voltage Swing and Search Line Activity TCAM Cell Array Design in 14 nm FinFET Technology 463
1 Introduction 463
1.1 FinFET Fundamentals 465
2 Existing Method 465
3 Proposed Method 467
4 Results and Discussion 467
5 Conclusion and Future Work 468
References 469
Low-Power and Area-Efficient Design of Higher-Order Floating-Point Multipliers Using Vedic Mathematics 472
1 Introduction 472
2 IEEE 754 Standard for Floating-Point Representation 473
3 Floating-Point Multiplication 474
4 Vedic Multiplier 475
4.1 Urdhva Tiryagbhyam Sutra 475
4.2 Nikhilam Sutra 478
4.3 Fusion of Nikhilam and Urdhva Tiryagbhyam Sutras 479
5 Results and Discussions 480
6 Conclusions 482
References 483
Design and Development of IoT Based Intravenous Infusion System 484
1 Introduction 484
2 Literature Review 485
3 Salient Features of the Developed System Include 486
4 General Description of the Hardware Components 486
4.1 CC3200-XL Launchpad 487
4.2 LM35 Temperature Sensor 489
4.3 Infrared Sensor 490
4.4 GSM SIM900A Module 490
5 System Architecture 491
6 Working Principle 492
7 Power Amplifier LM393 492
8 Software Description 492
9 Message Transmission 493
10 Conclusion 495
References 495
ROI Segmentation and Detection of Neoplasm Based on Morphology Using Segmentation Operators 497
1 Introduction 497
2 Literature Review 498
3 Brain Tumor 499
4 Medical Image Segmentation Operators 501
5 Algorithm 502
6 Results and Discussions 502
7 Conclusions 503
8 Future Scope 504
References 504
A Common Framework for the Extraction of ILD Patterns from CT Image 506
1 Introduction 507
2 Literature Review 509
3 Medical Image Segmentation 510
4 Concept of Morphology in Medical Image Processing 511
5 Algorithm 512
6 Results and Discussions 513
7 Conclusions 514
8 Future Scope 514
References 515
Design and Analysis IDMA and CDMA In Rayleigh Channel With Equalization Technique Using Tree Based Interleaver 516
1 Introduction 516
2 IDMA 517
3 Adaptive Filter Equalization 519
4 Result 520
5 Conclusion 521
References 522
A Secure Key and Data Exchange Mechanism Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography on WSN 523
1 Introduction 524
2 Related Work 525
2.1 Security Requirements for WSN’s 525
2.2 Cryptographic Significance in Wireless Sensor Networks 526
2.3 Major Issues to Be Handled Are 526
3 Elliptical Curve Cryptography 527
3.1 Background 527
3.2 Advantages of Implementing ECC for WSN’s [9] 528
4 Proposed Scheme 528
4.1 Proposed Topology 528
5 Result and Analysis 530
5.1 Cryptool Results 530
5.2 Proposed System Results 531
6 Conclusion and Future Scope 534
References 534
Object Detection Using RADAR Mounted on Quadcopter 536
1 Introduction 536
2 Design Methodology 537
3 Quadcopter Design 538
3.1 Hardware Description 539
3.2 Fabrication Process 542
4 Radar 542
4.1 Hardware Description 544
4.2 Hardware Description 545
5 Results and Discussions 546
6 Conclusions 547
References 548
2:1 MUX Implementation Using NMV-Gate: NON MAJORITY GATE in QCA 549
1 Introduction 549
2 Proposed NMV-Gate 551
3 Proposed Multiplexer Design 552
4 Conclusion 555
References 555
Various Filter Algorithms Using Impulse Noise Removal in Digital Images with Image Fusion Technique 556
1 Introduction 556
1.1 Image Fusion 558
1.2 Image Fusion Techniques 558
1.3 Different Processing Levels of Image Fusion 559
1.4 Categorization of Image Fusion Methods 559
2 Proposed Image Fusion Technique 560
2.1 Median Filter 560
2.2 Vector Median Filter 561
2.3 Basic Vector Directional Filter 562
2.4 Spatial Median Filter 562
2.5 Modified Spatial Median Filter 563
2.6 Canny Filter 563
3 Simulation Results 564
3.1 Median Filter 564
3.2 Vector Median Filter 564
3.3 Basic Vector Directional Filter 565
3.4 Spatial Median Filter 566
3.5 Modified Spatial Median Filter 566
3.6 Image Fusion 567
3.7 Canny Filter 568
4 Conclusions 569
References 569
Air Pollutants Level Detection and Control in Vehicle Using an Intelligent System 571
1 Introduction 571
2 Survey 572
3 Gas Sensors 573
4 Architecture and Methodology 574
5 Results 578
References 579
Trouble-Free Method of Coordinate Mapping and Spatial Calibration for All Sky Night Airglow Images 580
1 Introduction 580
2 Coordinate Mapping 581
2.1 Input Image 582
2.2 Image Cropping 582
2.3 Calculation of Specific Parameters 582
2.4 Mapping of Spherical Image to Rectilinear Image 584
2.5 Output Image 585
3 Field of View and Spatial Calibration 586
4 Results and Discussion 586
5 Conclusions 587
References 587
A Novel Approach for Brain Tumor Detection Using Hierarchical Centroid Shape Descriptor 588
1 Introduction 588
2 Related Work 589
2.1 Fuzzy C-means Clustering 589
2.2 Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) 590
2.3 Affiliation Control Investigation 590
3 Methodology 591
3.1 Image Acquisition 591
3.2 K-Means Clustering 591
3.3 Morphological Operations 592
3.4 HCSD (Hierarchical Centroid Shape Descriptor) 593
4 Results 594
5 Conclusion 597
References 597
Improvement of Bit Error Rate in Circular Filter Bank Multicarrier Communications by Using Low Density Symbol Check 599
1 Introduction 599
2 Related Work 600
3 Methodology 601
4 Simulation Results and Discussions 603
5 Conclusion and Future Scope 609
References 610
A New Approach for Image Dehazing Using Koschmieder’s Model 611
1 Introduction 611
2 Related Work 612
3 Methodology 613
4 Results 616
5 Conclusion 616
References 617
Video Segmentation Based on SURF Flow Field 619
1 Introduction 619
2 Related Work 620
2.1 Image Pre-processing 621
2.2 Graph Construction 621
2.3 Energy Function 622
2.4 Optimization Process and Spatial Refinement 622
3 Methodology 622
3.1 Object Discovery 622
3.2 Speed Up Robust Features (SURF) Design Flow 624
3.3 Object Refinement 625
3.4 Object Segmentation 625
4 Results 625
4.1 Case 1: Human 625
4.2 Case 2: Vehicle 628
5 Conclusion and Future Work 632
References 632
A Low Cost Beam Steering Linear Array Antenna for Small Cell 5G Mobile Networks 633
1 Introduction 633
2 Antenna Design and Modelling 634
3 Linear Patch Antenna Array Design 635
4 Fabrication of Patch Antenna and Linear Array 638
5 Measurement of Radiation Patterns 639
6 Observations and Results 640
7 Conclusion 641
References 642
Robust Adaptive Estimator Using Evolutional Algorithm for Noise Cancellation in Multichannel System 643
1 Introduction 643
2 Background Methodology 644
3 Proposed Methodology 647
3.1 PSO Algorithm for Multichannel System 649
4 Conclusion and Future Work 650
References 651
Performance Analysis of QFSRD, GAMAN and E-GAMAN for MANET 652
1 Introduction 652
1.1 Decentralized Control 653
1.2 Unpredictable Channel 653
1.3 Data Loss 653
1.4 Route Maintenance 653
1.5 Node Mobility 654
1.6 Low Power 654
1.7 Adequate Security 654
1.8 Channel Contention 654
2 Associated Work 655
3 Exploration of Orthogenesis Genetic Evolution for QoS Fitness Scope Aware Route Selection 655
4 Empirical Analysis and Results Exploration 656
5 Conclusion 658
References 658
A Conceal Fragment Visible Image Broadcast Through Montage Images with Revocable Colour Alterations 660
1 Introduction 661
2 Related Works 662
3 Proposed Method 663
4 Algorithms of the Proposed System 663
5 Experimental Results 666
6 Conclusion 668
References 668
Specular Reflection Detection for Early Prediction of Cervix Cancer 670
1 Introduction 670
2 The Detection Methodology 671
2.1 SR Detection 672
2.2 Automatic Threshold Detection Techniques 673
3 Results and Discussion 673
4 Conclusion 678
References 678
Developments in Advanced Control System for Safe and Comfort Lateral Movement of Vehicle 679
1 Introduction 679
2 Review on Recent Research 681
3 Mathematical Model of Vehicle in Lateral Motion 682
4 The Developed Vehicle-Model Response 687
5 Conclusion and Future Scope 688
References 688
Structured DFT Based Analysis of Standard Benchmark Circuits 690
1 Introduction 690
1.1 Testability 691
1.2 DFT Techniques 692
2 Literature Survey 693
3 Proposals and Contribution 694
3.1 Scan Technique 694
4 Methodology 697
5 Results and Discussion 699
6 Conclusion 699
References 700
Students Head-Pose Estimation Using Partially-Latent Mixture 701
1 Introduction 701
2 Materials and Methods 703
2.1 Face Detection 703
2.2 Feature Extraction 704
2.3 Learn Phase 705
2.4 Test Phase 707
3 Experiment 708
3.1 Dataset Preparation 708
3.2 Performance Measures 708
3.3 Experiment Steps 709
4 Results and Discussion 709
5 Conclusion 712
References 712
Ensembling of Non-linear SVM Models with Partial Least Square for Diabetes Prediction 714
1 Introduction 714
2 Background 715
2.1 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 715
2.2 Linear SVM 716
2.3 Non-linear SVM 716
2.4 Partial Least Square (PLS) 717
2.5 Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) [7] 717
3 Literature Survey 717
4 Methodology 719
5 Experiments and Results 720
5.1 Dataset Used 720
6 Conclusions and Future Work 722
References 722
Reshaped Circular Patch Antenna with Optimized Circular Slot for 5G Application 723
1 Introduction 723
2 Antenna Design 724
3 Simulation Results 726
4 Conclusion 730
References 730
Automatic Border Surveillance Using Machine Learning in Remote Video Surveillance Systems 732
1 Introduction 733
2 Methodology 734
2.1 Haar-Based Feature Selection 734
2.2 Integral Image Creation 734
2.3 AdaBoost Training 735
2.4 Cascading Classifiers 735
2.5 Target Classification 736
2.6 Image Labeling and Model Training 736
3 Results 737
4 Conclusion 739
5 Discussion 741
References 741
Video-Based Marathi Sign Language Recognition and Text Conversion Using Convolutional Neural Network 742
1 Introduction 742
2 Literature Survey 743
3 Methodology 744
3.1 Convolutional Layer 744
3.2 ReLu Layer 745
3.3 Pooling Layer 745
3.4 Flattening Layer 746
3.5 Fully Connected Layer 746
3.6 Softmax 748
3.7 Output Layer 748
4 Experimental Results 748
4.1 Software Platform 748
4.2 Database 749
4.3 Results 750
5 Conclusions 753
References 754
Concurrent Triband Filtenna Design for WLAN and WiMAX Applications 755
1 Introduction 755
2 The Subsystem Design 756
2.1 The Antenna Design 757
2.2 The Multiband Bandpass Filter Design 758
3 Design and Analysis of the Multiband Filtenna 760
4 Conclusion 764
References 764
Advanced Image Encryption Scheme Using Snow Stream Cipher 765
1 Introduction 765
2 Proposed Work 767
2.1 Arnold’s Transformation 767
2.2 Random Number Generation Using Snow Cipher 768
3 Performance Assessment 769
3.1 Histogram Analysis 769
3.2 Correlation Coefficient Analysis 769
3.3 Entropy 770
4 Statistical Analysis 772
4.1 Comparison 772
5 Conclusion 773
References 773