The Internet of Things in the Industrial Sector (eBook)

Preface 7
Overview 7
Objectives 8
Organization 8
Target Audiences 9
Acknowledgements 11
Other Books by Zaigham Mahmood 13
Security, Privacy and Trust in the IoT Environment 13
Guide to Ambient Intelligence in the IoT Environment: Principles, Technologies and Applications 13
Fog Computing: Concepts, Frameworks and Technologies 13
Smart Cities: Development and Governance Frameworks 14
Data Science and Big Data Computing: Frameworks and Methodologies 14
Connected Environments for the IoT: Challenges and Solutions 14
Connectivity Frameworks for Smart Devices: The Internet of Things from a Distributed Computing Perspective 14
Cloud Computing: Methods and Practical Approaches 15
Cloud Computing: Challenges, Limitations and R& D Solutions
Continued Rise of the Cloud: Advances and Trends in Cloud Computing 15
Software Engineering Frameworks for the Cloud Computing Paradigm 15
Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures 16
Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology and Architecture 16
Software Project Management for Distributed Computing: Life-Cycle Methods for Developing Scalable and Reliable Tools 16
Requirements Engineering for Service and Cloud Computing 16
User-centric E-Government: Challenges and Opportunities 17
Cloud Computing Technologies for Connected Government 17
Human Factors in Software Development and Design 17
IT in the Public Sphere: Applications in Administration, Government, Politics and Planning 17
Emerging Mobile and Web 2.0 Technologies for Connected E-Government 18
E-Government Implementation and Practice in Developing Countries 18
Developing E-Government Projects: Frameworks and Methodologies 18
Contents 19
About the Editor 21
Contributors 21
Concepts, Processes and Limitations 25
1 A Review of IoT Technologies, Standards, Tools, Frameworks and Platforms 26
1.1 Introduction 26
1.2 Related Work 28
1.3 Analysis 30
1.3.1 IoT Devices 32
1.3.2 Communication Standards 34
1.3.3 Messaging Protocol Standards 41
1.3.4 Communication Platforms 46
1.3.5 Device Control, Integration, and Simulation Frameworks 47
1.3.6 Tools and Frameworks for Modeling, Development, and Deployment 48
1.3.7 IoT Cloud Integration Platforms 52
1.4 Conclusions 52
References 53
2 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): Principles, Processes and Protocols 58
2.1 Introduction 59
2.2 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) 60
2.3 The Driving Factors 61
2.4 Evolution of IIoT 62
2.5 IoT Applications in the Industry 63
2.5.1 Manufacturing 63
2.5.2 Transportation 64
2.5.3 Energy and Utilities 64
2.5.4 Healthcare 64
2.6 IIoT Use Cases in Japanese Industry 65
2.6.1 Smart Agricultural Crop Management—UPR Corporation 66
2.6.2 Smart Agricultural Water Management—Vegetalia Inc. 66
2.6.3 Industrial Production—Tsuchiya-Gousei Limited 67
2.6.4 Industrial Production Management—Hitachi Limited 67
2.6.5 Industrial Printing—New Mind Co. Ltd. 68
2.6.6 Construction Electricity Saving—Zenitaka Corporation 68
2.6.7 Garbage Collection Related Solutions—KDDI Corporation 69
2.6.8 Inspection of Products—Yamato System Development Corporation 69
2.6.9 Logistics Management of Machinery—Toyota Motors Limited 70
2.6.10 Medical Care—Tokyo Women’s Medical University 70
2.7 Literature Analysis 71
2.8 Methodology 74
2.9 Conclusion 74
References 75
3 Systems Development for the Industrial IoT: Challenges from Industry R& D Projects
3.1 Introduction 77
3.2 Overview of the Three IIoT Related R& D Projects
3.2.1 Integrated Management Platform 4.0 (IMP4.0) 82
3.2.2 Unified Hub for Smart Plants (UH4SP) 82
3.2.3 Solutions for Industry of the Future (PRODUTECH-SIF) 84
3.3 Requirements Elicitation 85
3.4 Architecture Design 87
3.5 System Interoperability 91
3.5.1 Technical Interoperability 92
3.5.2 Semantic Interoperability 95
3.6 Conclusions 97
References 98
Frameworks and Methodologies 101
4 Internet of Measurement Things: Toward an Architectural Framework for the Calibration Industry 102
4.1 Introduction 103
4.2 Background 104
4.2.1 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) 104
4.2.2 Metrology and Calibration 105
4.2.3 Calibration Domain Terminology 106
4.3 Problem Definition and Related Work 109
4.3.1 Problem Definition 109
4.3.2 Related Works 110
4.4 Metrology.NET 111
4.5 Measurement Information Infrastructure 112
4.6 Internet of Measurement Things (IoMT) 115
4.6.1 Physical Layer 117
4.6.2 MII Cloud Services 117
4.6.3 Application Layer 118
4.6.4 Sample Scenarios 119
4.7 Discussion 120
4.8 Conclusion 121
References 121
5 Architecture Modeling of Industrial IoT Systems Using Data Distribution Service UML Profile 124
5.1 Introduction 125
5.2 Publish–Subscribe Architecture 126
5.3 Data Distribution Service (DDS) Middleware 128
5.4 Case Study 130
5.5 Data Distribution Service UML Profile 131
5.6 Architecture Modeling Approach 132
5.7 Related Works 135
5.8 Conclusion 138
References 140
6 Industrial IoT Projects Based on Automation Pyramid: Constraints and Minimum Requirements 141
6.1 Introduction 142
6.2 Automation Pyramid: Description, State of the Art and Constraints 143
6.2.1 Field Level 144
6.2.2 Control Level 146
6.2.3 Supervisory Level 147
6.2.4 Planning Level 149
6.2.5 Management Level 151
6.3 Minimum Requirements for IIoT Projects 153
6.4 Conclusion 157
References 157
Connectivity and Novel Technologies 163
7 Blockchain Mechanisms as Security-Enabler for Industrial IoT Applications 164
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) 165
7.2.1 Issues and Limitations of IIoT 166
7.2.2 Impact of Attacks on the IIoT 167
7.3 Blockchain 168
7.3.1 Salient Features of Blockchain 168
7.3.2 How Blockchain Secures IIoT 171
7.4 Platform Architecture for Blockchain in IIoT 172
7.4.1 Summary of Other Blockchain-IIoT Platforms 173
7.5 Use Cases of Blockchain in IIoT 175
7.5.1 Security and Privacy in Supply Chain Management 176
7.5.2 Pharmaceutical Industry 177
7.5.3 Autonomous Vehicle Solutions 177
7.5.4 Manufacturing Process Management 178
7.6 Conclusion 179
References 180
8 Visible Light Communications in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) 182
8.1 Introduction 183
8.2 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) 184
8.2.1 IIoT: Current Trends 187
8.3 Visible Light Communication (VLC) 189
8.3.1 VLC Transmitters 190
8.3.2 VLC Receivers 190
8.3.3 VLC Advantages 192
8.3.4 VLC Limitations 194
8.3.5 VLC Versus RF Technology: Comparison for IIoT 194
8.3.6 Future Directions in VLC 196
8.4 VLC Implementations in the IIoT Context 201
8.5 Future Directions in VLC for IIoT Applications 202
8.6 Conclusions 206
References 207
9 The Internet of Things LoRaWAN Technologies in Academia: A Case Study 211
9.1 Introduction 212
9.2 Long-Range (LoRa) Technologies 213
9.2.1 Background 213
9.2.2 LoRaWAN Specification 216
9.3 Applications in the Industry 217
9.4 Methodology to Deploy LoRaWAN 219
9.4.1 Specification of Components 220
9.4.2 LoRaWAN Infrastructure 221
9.4.3 Registration of IoT End-Devices in TTN 224
9.5 Experimental Evaluation 228
9.5.1 Smart Trash Can System 228
9.5.2 Wind Speed Meter System 229
9.5.3 Weather Station System 229
9.5.4 Smart Greenhouse System 231
9.5.5 Feeder System 232
9.5.6 Discussion 232
9.6 Conclusion 232
References 235
Applications and Use Case Scenarios 238
10 Implementation of Industrial Internet of Things in the Renewable Energy Sector 239
10.1 Introduction 239
10.2 The Concept of Industrial IoT 243
10.2.1 Definition and Benefits 243
10.2.2 Historical Perspective 244
10.2.3 Challenges of the IIoT Vision 244
10.2.4 Relevant Research Works 244
10.2.5 Future Developments in IIoT 247
10.3 Applications of IoT 249
10.4 Changes in the Energy Sector 250
10.4.1 Reasons for Such Changes 250
10.4.2 The Electrical Grid Today 252
10.4.3 The Buildings Today 253
10.4.4 Development of Zero-Energy Buildings 254
10.5 Renewable Energy and IoT in the Energy Sector 256
10.5.1 Renewable Energy 256
10.5.2 Electrical Grid in the Era of the IoT 257
10.5.3 Distributed Energy Resources (DER) 257
10.5.4 Plug-in Electric Vehicles 259
10.5.5 Other Applications of the IoT 260
10.5.6 IoT/IIoT-Based Electricity Generating Project Examples 261
10.6 IoT in Smart Grid and Smart Microgrid Sectors 261
10.6.1 The Smart Grid 262
10.6.2 The Smart Microgrid 263
10.7 IIoT to Combat Challenges of Renewable Energy Sector 267
10.7.1 Challenges of Renewable Energy 267
10.7.2 Achieving Grid Stability 268
10.7.3 Global Future of Renewable Energy 269
10.8 Future of IIoT in the Energy Sector 269
10.8.1 Bond Between Buildings and the Grid 269
10.8.2 Market Exchange of Electrical Energy 270
10.8.3 Decentralization of Energy Generation 270
10.8.4 Benefits of New Energy Future 271
10.9 Discussion and Conclusion 272
10.10 Open Research Directions 273
References 273
11 The Internet of Things in Health Care: Transforming the Industry with Technology 276
11.1 Introduction 277
11.2 Health Care in the Fourth Industrial Revolution 277
11.3 Overview of Architecture for IoT-Based Healthcare Systems 279
11.3.1 Sensor Layer 280
11.3.2 Application (or Middleware) Layer 280
11.3.3 Server Layer 281
11.4 Wearables and Unobtrusive Methods for IoT in Health Care 281
11.5 Example of an IoT-Based Healthcare System 283
11.6 Opportunities and Challenges in IoT-Based Healthcare Systems 290
11.7 Conclusion 291
References 292
12 Internet of Things Applications and Use Cases in the Era of Industry 4.0 294
12.1 Introduction 294
12.2 IIoT and Industry 4.0 295
12.3 Challenges and Limitations of IIoT 296
12.3.1 Energy Efficiency 297
12.3.2 Integration and Interoperability 297
12.3.3 Cyber Security 298
12.3.4 Connectivity Issues 299
12.4 Overcoming the Challenges of IIoT 299
12.5 Industrial IoT Use Cases 300
12.5.1 Smart Factories 301
12.5.2 Condition Monitoring 302
12.5.3 Predictive Maintenance 303
12.5.4 Quality Management 306
12.5.5 Assets Tracking 307
12.5.6 Fleet Management 308
12.5.7 Worker Safety 310
12.6 Conclusion 311
References 311
13 Technology Trade-offs for IIoT Systems and Applications from a Developing Country Perspective: Case of Egypt 314
13.1 Introduction 314
13.2 IoT Solutions for the Industrial Sector 315
13.2.1 Requirements and Limitations of IIoT Solutions 316
13.2.2 Security and Privacy 320
13.2.3 Feasibility and Effectiveness 320
13.3 Evolution of Industrial Systems in the IoT Vision 323
13.4 Emerging Technologies and Trade-offs 324
13.5 Emerging Technologies for the Future 326
13.5.1 IoT and Renewable Energy 327
13.6 Conclusion 331
References 332
Index 335