Exercise Gas Exchange in Heart Disease

Introduction; Cardiovascular Coupling of External to Cellular Respiration; Section 1: Central Circulation-Cardiac Function and Gas Exchange; Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure; Diastolic Dysfunction and Exercise Gas Exchange; Detection of Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction by Gas Exchange; Gas Exchange During Recovery From Exercise in CHF Patients; Analysis of Gas Exchange Dynamics in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease; Section 2: The Ventilatory Response to Exercise in Patients with Heart Disease; The Relation Between Muscle Function and Increased Ventilation in Heart Failure; Dysapnea in Heart Failure; Increased Ventilatory Response to Exercise as Related to Functional Capacity; Ventilatory and Arterial Blood Gas Changes During Exercise in Heart Failure; Increased Dead Space is Responsible for Augmented Ventilation in Cardiac Patients; Section 3: Peripheral Mechanisms Determining Exercise Capacity: Critical Capillary PO2, Net Lactate Production and Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation: Effects of Exercise Gas Exchange; Peripheral and Central O2 Extraction in Chronic Heart Failure; Peripheral Arterial Disease: Pathophysiology, Exercise Performance, and Effect of Exercise Training on Gas Exchange and Muscle Metabolism; Peripheral Determinants of Exercise Intolerance in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure; Section 4: Clinical Applications; Short Term Training After Cardiac Surgery; Use of Exercise Gas Exchange Measurements in Multicenter Drug Studies; Exercise Gas Exchange to Evaluate Cardiac Pacemaker function; Role of Exercise Testing in the Evaluation of Candidates for Cardiac Transplantation; The Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for the Pre-Operative Evaluation of the Elderly