Narrow and Smart Textiles (eBook)

Professor Yordan Kyosev is professor at the Hochschule Niederrhein at the Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology.This faculty is the only one in the world, where traditionally the narrow textiles are covered as several courses in the high school level – bachelor and master courses and is a traditional meeting point of specialists in these areas.

Preface 5
Contents 6
Narrow Weaving and Knitting 9
1 Connected Ribbons-Design as a Key to Service’s Materiality 10
Abstract 10
1 E-Ribbons, an Ecosystem in Itself 10
1.1 E-Ribbon, More Than a Ribbon, an Artery 11
1.2 E-Ribbon, the Electronical Support of the Near Future? 11
1.3 E-Ribbon, the Service’s Materiality 11
2 Design Methods, Understand Each Other to Work Together 12
2.1 Engineering, a Team Centered on Industrial Feasibility 13
2.2 Fashion, a Team at the Service of a Personality 13
2.3 The Product, a Team Around the End User 14
3 Collaborative Innovation’s Future 15
3.1 Marketing, a Time-Table Strategy 15
3.2 Client Support, a Novelty for the Textile World 16
3.3 Flexible Connectivity, the Key to Success 16
4 Conclusion 16
References 17
2 Modelling of Light Emission in Tapes Woven with Polymer Optical Fibres 18
Abstract 18
1 Introduction 18
2 Modelling Procedure 19
3 Weaving Simulation 20
4 Data Preparation 21
5 Ray Tracing Simulations 22
6 Ray Tracing Validation on Single POF 24
7 Results 25
8 Summary and Outlook 27
Acknowledgements 27
References 27
3 Interesting Mechanical Properties of 3D Warp Interlock Fabrics 28
Abstract 28
1 Introduction 28
2 Experimental Approach 29
3 Geometrical Comparison 29
3.1 Observations in the Warp Direction 30
3.2 Observations in the Weft Direction 31
4 Mechanical Comparison 32
4.1 Mechanical Comparison in the Warp Direction 34
4.2 Mechanical Comparison in the Weft Direction 36
5 Conclusion 36
References 36
4 Fibers and Textiles for Fully Bio-Based Fiber Reinforced Materials 39
Abstract 39
1 Introduction 39
2 Pretreatment of Natural Fibers 40
2.1 Hydrophobization of Textile Fabrics 40
2.1.1 Application of Natural Oils 40
2.1.2 Application of Polyisoprene 43
2.1.3 Application of Surfactants 46
2.1.4 Hydrophobization of Staple Fibers 47
2.2 Antimicrobial Finishing 49
3 Developments Related to Textile Structures 52
3.1 Fiber Felts 52
3.2 Fabric Production 52
4 Summary and Conclusions 53
Acknowledgements 53
References 54
5 Investigation of the Elastic Properties of Weft-Knitted Metal-Reinforced Narrow Composites 55
Abstract 55
1 Introduction 56
2 Material Data 56
3 Modelling 57
4 Numercial Results 59
5 Sample Production 60
6 Experimentation 61
7 Conclusions 62
References 62
Braiding 64
6 Investigation About the Properties of HMHT Fibre Ropes and New Machine for Continuous Production of Ropes with Connection Between Core and Mantle 65
Abstract 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Predominant Parameters: Twist Angle (Yarns and Strands) and Floating Length 67
3 Results of the CBOS Testing 68
4 Simultaneous Core-Mantle-Braiding Machine 70
5 Conclusions 71
Acknowledgements 71
References 71
7 Interlacement Variations in the Alternative Covering Technology D-3F 72
Abstract 72
1 Introduction 73
1.1 State of the Art—Covering Processes 73
1.2 Interlaced Composites Winding Technology D-3F 74
2 Design Studies and Possibilities of D-3F 76
2.1 Basic Winding Options 76
2.2 Adding Interlacements Between Layers 79
2.3 Possible Applications and Economical Aspects 80
3 Conclusions 81
References 82
8 Development of Machine Configuration for T- and I-Profiles and Their Topological Modelling 83
Abstract 83
1 Introduction 84
2 Simulation Model Fundamentals 84
3 Graphical User Interface 85
4 Concept and Simulation of Machine for T-Profile 85
5 Concept and Simulation of Machine for Double-T-Profile 88
6 Outline 89
7 Conclusions 90
References 91
9 Modeling of Braided Structures Based on Secondary Helix 92
Abstract 92
1 Introduction 92
2 Geometric Analysis of Braided Structures 94
3 Mathematical Modeling of Braiding Strands 95
3.1 Basic Assumptions and Definition of Geometrical Parameters 95
3.2 Definition of Geometrical Parameters of a Braided Structure 96
3.3 Primary Helix and Frenet Frame 96
3.4 Secondary Helix and Braiding Curve 98
4 Geometric Modeling of Braiding Strand 101
4.1 Geometric Modeling Based on the Mathematical Model 101
4.2 Geometrical Modeling Based on Secondary Helix 102
5 Application and Discussion 104
6 Conclusion 107
Acknowledgements 107
References 108
10 Investigation of PET-Braided Vascular Stents Potential Compared with Commercial Metallic Stents 109
Abstract 109
1 Introduction 110
2 Materials and Methods 110
2.1 Stents Development 110
2.2 Stents Characterization 112
2.2.1 Structural Characteristics 112
Cover Factor 112
Porosity 113
Unchanged Bending Diameter 114
2.2.2 Mechanical Characteristics 115
Longitudinal Elongation Test 115
Longitudinal Compression Test 115
Radial Compression Test 115
3 Results and Discussions 115
4 Conclusions 120
References 121
11 Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Triaxial Braid Reinforcements 123
Abstract 123
1 Introduction 123
2 Materials and Methods 125
3 Geometrical and Tensile Properties of Triaxial Braids 129
4 Geometrical Modeling of Triaxial Braids 133
5 Conclusions 137
References 137
12 Fibre-Rope-Driven Parallel Handling Device 141
Abstract 141
1 Introduction 141
2 Implementation 144
3 Rope Design 146
4 Results 146
Acknowledgements 147
References 147
13 Pattern Design with the Variation Braider VF of Company Herzog GmbH 148
Abstract 148
1 Introduction 148
2 Overview of Some Patterning Options on the VF Braider 150
3 Control Software 152
4 Flat Braids on Variation Braider 154
5 Conclusions 157
References 157
14 Ultrasonic Dip Coating of Fibre Ropes with Large Diameters 158
Abstract 158
1 Introduction of Fibre Ropes with Large Diameters in Conveyor-Technical Applications 158
2 Problems with the Coating of Fibre Ropes with Large Diameters 159
2.1 State-of-the-Art for the Coating of Fibre Ropes with Large Diameters 160
2.2 Ultrasonic Dip Coating 162
3 Experimental Investigations 162
4 Results of the Investigations 163
5 Conclusion 165
15 Overlay Finishes and Coatings for Improving Abrasion Resistance in Braided Polyarylate Fiber Ropes 166
Abstract 166
1 Introduction 166
2 Materials Selection and Description of Samples 167
3 Abrasion Tests 169
4 Summary 171
Reference 171
Smart Textiles 172
16 Metal-Textile Hybrid Carrier Modules with Integrated Functions Based on Textile Sensors 173
Abstract 173
1 Motivation and Overview of the Proposed Technological Development 173
2 Research on Textile Load-Bearing Webbings 174
3 Review of Production Sequences, as Well as the Metallic Construction 178
4 Development of Measuring and Data Transmission Concept 179
5 Continuous Testing Under Practical Conditions 181
6 Conclusion and Prediction 182
Acknowledgements 185
References 185
17 4D Textiles: Hybrid Textile Structures that Can Change Structural Form with Time by 3D Printing 186
Abstract 186
1 Introduction 186
2 4D Technology 188
3 3D Printing on Textile 188
3.1 Materials 190
3.2 Procedure 191
4 4D Textile 192
4.1 Materials 193
4.2 Stimuli 194
4.3 Applications 194
4.4 Design Approach 194
5 Conclusions 196
References 197
18 Functional Nanofiber Mats for Medical and Biotechnological Applications 199
Abstract 199
1 Introduction 199
2 Experimental 201
3 Results and Discussion 201
4 Conclusion 208
Acknowledgements 208
References 209
19 Sensorized Woven Tapes and Their Testing 211
Abstract 211
1 Introduction 211
2 Experimental 212
3 Force, Pressure, and Elongation Sensors 213
4 Temperature Sensors 216
5 Humidity Sensors 217
5.1 Why Testing Is Necessary 218
5.2 Requirements for Quality Control—New Simultaneous Testing Methods 218
5.3 Simultaneous Tests of Electrical and Mechanical Properties—RFs Characteristic 219
6 Conclusion 221
Acknowledgements 223
References 223
20 Integration of Solar Cells and Other Electronic Components into Clothes 224
Abstract 224
1 Introduction 224
2 Experimental 225
3 Electronic Devices 225
4 Textile Fabrics and Garment Construction 226
5 Laser Cutting 226
6 Results and Discussion 227
7 Conclusion 232
Acknowledgements 233
References 233
21 Washing and Abrasion Resistance of Conductive Coatings for Vital Sensors 235
Abstract 235
1 Introduction 235
2 Experimental 236
3 Results and Discussion 237
4 Conclusion 242
References 243
22 Resource-Efficient Production of a Smart Textile UV Sensor Using Photochromic Dyes: Characterization and Optimization 245
Abstract 245
1 Introduction 246
2 Experimental Part 247
3 Results and Discussion 249
4 Challenges and Conclusion 250
Acknowledgements 250
References 250
23 Direct Printing of Light-Emitting Devices on Textile Substrates 252
Abstract 252
1 Introduction 252
2 Working Mechanism and Device Manufacturing 255
2.1 ACPEL Device 255
2.1.1 Working Mechanism 255
2.1.2 Device Manufacturing 257
2.2 OLED 257
2.2.1 Working Mechanism 257
2.3 Device Manufacturing 259
3 Results and Discussion 260
3.1 ACPEL Device 260
3.2 OLED 264
4 Conclusion and Outlook 269
References 269