Hydraulics for Civil Engineers

Hydrostatics Density, pressure, head, forces on immersed horizontal, vertical and inclined plane surfaces; forces on immersed curved surfaces Buoyancy, metacentre, stable and unstable flotation Hydrodynamics Velocity and discharge; continuity, momentum & energy equations, viscosity, boundary layer, steady & unsteady flow, uniform and non-uniform flow, laminar & turbulent flow, Reynolds number, Venturi meter Flow in pipes, head losses in laminar & turbulent flow, losses at change in section, forces on pipes, reservoir & pipeline applications, pipe networks Turbines & pumps, efficiency, inclusion within systems Flow in Open Channels Steady flow, hydraulic radius, normal depth, hydraulic mean depth, Chezy & Manning equations, most efficient section, velocity variation across channel. Froude number & critical conditions' hydraulic jump, weirs, sluices & spillways Gradually varied flow, backwater curves Sustainable design of channels Waves Wavelength, celerity, period, energy transfer, breaking waves, tsunamis Ideal Flow Streamlines and streamtubes; stream functions, vortices Similarity & Dimensional Analysis Principles, Buckingham application to real & experimental situations