Steel Detailers' Manual (eBook)

THE AUTHOR ANTHONY OAKHILL CEng, BSc(Hons), MICE has over 45 years' experience in the design and construction of steel bridges and structures. He currently works as a consultant to Gifford LLP near Southampton. First Edition Authors Alan Hayward: CEng, FICE, FIStructE, consulting engineer, Chepstow Frank weare: CEng, BSc, FIStructE, formerly of the University of Westminster

List of Figures vii

List of Tables ix

Preface xi

1 Use of Structural Steel 1

1.1 Why steel? 1

1.2 Structural steels 2

1.2.1 Requirements 2

1.2.2 Recommended grades 3

1.2.3 Weather resistant steels 4

1.3 Structural shapes 6

1.4 Tolerances 8

1.4.1 General 8

1.4.2 Worked examples - welding distortion for plate girder 12

1.5 Connections 15

1.6 Interface to foundations 16

1.7 Welding 16

1.7.1 Weld types 16

1.7.2 Processes 17

1.7.3 Weld size 18

1.7.4 Choice of weld type 19

1.7.5 Lamellar tearing 19

1.8 Bolting 20

1.8.1 General 20

1.8.2 High strength friction grip (HSFG) bolts 22

1.8.3 Tension control bolts 22

1.8.4 European bolting standards 23

1.9 Dos and don'ts 24

1.10 Protective treatment 24

1.11 Drawings 30

1.11.1 Engineer's drawings 30

1.11.2 Workshop drawings 33

1.11.3 Computer aided detailing 33

1.12 Codes of practice 33

1.12.1 Buildings 34

1.12.2 Bridges 34

2 Detailing Practice 36

2.1 General 36

2.2 Layout of drawings 36

2.3 Lettering 36

2.4 Dimensions 36

2.5 Projection 37

2.6 Scales 37

2.7 Revisions 37

2.8 Beam and column detailing conventions 37

2.9 Erection marks 38

2.10 Opposite handing 39

2.11 Welds 39

2.12 Bolts 39

2.13 Holding down bolts 39

2.14 Abbreviations 40

3 Design Guidance 41

3.1 General 41

3.2 Load capacities of simple connections 41

3.3 Sizes and load capacity of simple column bases 42

4 Detailing Data 52

5 Connection Details 84

6 Computer Aided Detailing 95

6.1 Introduction 95

6.2 Steelwork detailing 95

6.3 Constructing a 3-D model of a steel structure 97

6.4 Object orientation 99

6.5 CNC/rapid prototyping 99

6.6 Future developments 101

7 Examples of Structures 102

7.1 Multi-storey frame buildings 102

7.1.1 Fire resistance 105

7.2 Single-storey frame buildings 106

7.3 Portal frame buildings 107

7.4 Vessel support structure 110

7.5 Roof over reservoir 114

7.6 Tower 117

7.7 Bridges 121

7.8 Single-span highway bridge 128

7.9 Highway sign gantry 135

7.10 Staircase 139

Table of Standards 141

References 143

Further Reading 144

Appendix 146

Index 167