Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Instrumented Protective Systems (eBook)

Since 1985, the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has been the world leader in developing and disseminating information on process safety management and technology. CCPS, an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has published over 80 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series.

Acknowledgements.

Preface.

List of Figures.

List of Tables.

INTRODUCTION.

1.1 Purpose.

1.2 Target Audience.

Book Road Map.

1.4 Management Commitment.

PLANNING.

2.1 Protective Management System Lifecycle.

2.2 Why It Makes Good Business Sense.

2.3 Documentation.

2.4 Good Engineering Practices.

2.5 Key Management System Elements.

2.6 Special Topics.

RISK ASSESSMENT.

3.1 Intended Audience.

3.2 Input Information.

3.3 Basic Work Process.

3.4 Output Documentation.

3.5 Key Management System Elements.

3.6 Special Topics.

DESIGN.

4.1 Intended Audience.

4.2 Input Information.

4.3 Basic Work Process.

4.4 Output Documentation.

4.5 Process Requirements.

4.6 I&E Requirements.

4.7 Functional Assessment.

4.8 Key Management System Elements.

4.9 Special Topics.

ENGINEERING, INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING AND
VALIDATION.

5.1 Intended Audience.

5.2 Input Information.

5.3 Basic Work Projects.

5.4 Output Documentation.

5.5 Hardware.

5.6 Software.

5.7 Factory Acceptance Test.

5.8 Installation Plans.

5.9 Commissioning Plans.

5.10 Verify Operator and External Interfaces.

5.11 Validation.

5.12 Management of Change.

OPERATIONAL AND MECHANICAL INTEGRITY.

6.1 Intended Audience.

6.2 Input Information.

6.3 Basic Work Process.

6.4 Output Documentation.

6.5 Operating Procedures.

6.6 Bypass management Procedure.

6.7 Maintenance Procedures.

6.8 Training.

6.9 Managing Changes.

6.10 Monitoring performance.

CONTINOUS IMPROVEMENT.

7.1 Intended Audience.

7.2 Input Information.

7.3 Basic Work Process.

7.4 Output Documentation.

7.5 Determining Path Forward.

DEFINITIONS.

PROTECTION LAYERS.

B.1 Inherently Safer Design.

B.2 Control.

B.3 Supervisory.

B.4 Preventive.

B.5 Mitigative.

B.6 Barriers.

B.7 Limitation.

B.8 Response.

CORE ATTRIBUTES.

C.1 Independence.

C.2 Functionality.

C.3 Integrity.

C.4 Reliability.

C.5 Auditability.

C.6 Access Security.

C.7 Management of Change.

UNDERSTANDING FAILURE.

D.1 Caution-It's A Benchmark.

D.2 A "Bathtub"; Viewpoint.

D.3 Failure Types.

D.4 Failure Classification.

D.5 IPF Performance metrics.

D.6 Spurious Trip Rate.

D.7 Example Application.

PROCESS EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY DATABASE.

USER APPROVED EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICES.

F.1 User Approved.

F.2 Evolution of Plant Automation.

F.3 Logic Solver Considerations.

F.4 Field Device Considerations.

F.5 Utilities.

F.6 Wiring Practices.

F.7 Communications and Interconnectivity.

F.8 Prescriptive Design.

References.

Acronyms and Abbreviations.

Index.