X-Ray Emission of Auroral Electrons and Magnetospheric Dynamics

1 Balloon Experiment Technique.- 1.1 Launching Facilities.- 1.2 The Balloon in Space Research.- 1.3 Auroral X-Ray Scintillator Spectrometer.- 1.4 Payload Equipment.- 1.5 Ground-Based Support of Balloon Experiments.- 2 Auroral X-Rays: Generation and Transfer into the Atmosphere.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Photon Generation at the Atmospheric Boundary.- 2.3 Calculation of X-Ray Propagation in the Atmosphere.- 2.4 Transformation of X-Ray Flux and Energy Spectrum in the Atmosphere for Extended Regions of Precipitation.- 2.5 Results of Calculation of Photon Transport from Local Sources.- 2.6 X-Ray Angular Distribution.- 2.7 Calculation of Scintillator Spectrometer Efficiency.- 2.8 Practical Example of Electron Spectra Reconstruction.- 2.9 Conclusions and Recommendations.- 3 The Structure of Auroral X-Ray Events and Electron Fluxes in the Magnetosphere.- 3.1 General Features of X-Ray Events.- 3.2 Classification of Auroral X-Ray Forms.- 3.3 Charged Particles in the Magnetosphere.- 3.4 Auroral Radiation.- 4 Auroral Electrons in the Midnight Sector and Magnetospheric Disturbances.- 4.1 Dynamic and Energetic Structure of the Magnetospheric Substorm.- 4.2 Growth Phase.- 4.3 Breakup - An Explosive Onset in the Active Phase of a Substorm.- 4.4 Active Phase. Convection.- 4.5 Active Phase. Expansion.- 4.6 Auroral Region Model of Electron Acceleration and Precipitation During Substorms.- 5 Pulsations and Microbursts of Drifting Auroral Electron Precipitation.- 5.1 Morning Bay-Like Precipitations.- 5.2 Long-Period X-Ray Pulsations (1-20 min).- 5.3 Fast Pulsations and Impulses (3-60 s).- 5.4 Auroral X-Ray Microbursts.- 5.5 Precipitations During SC and SI.- 5.6 Interrelation of Pulsating Structures of Precipitating Auroral Electrons.- 5.7 Classification of the Microstructure ofElectron Precipitation.- Conclusion.- References.- Subjectlndex.