Viruses and Human Disease (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1. Overview of Viruses and Virus Infection 10
Introduction 10
Classification of Viruses 14
An Overview of the Replication Cycle of Viruses 17
Effects of Virus Infection on the Host Cell 36
Epidemiology: The Spread of Viruses from Person to Person 38
Further Reading 39
Chapter 2. The Structure of Viruses 42
Introduction 42
Helical Symmetry 42
Icosahedral Symmetry 43
Nonenveloped Viruses with More Complicated Structural Features 52
Enveloped Viruses 52
Assembly of Virions 61
Stability of Virions 64
Further Reading 65
Chapter 3. Plus-Strand RNA and Double-Strand RNA Viruses 66
Introduction 66
Family Picornaviridae 67
Family Caliciviridae 80
Family Astroviridae 83
Family Togaviridae 85
Family Flaviviridae 94
Family Coronaviridae 109
Family Arteriviridae 112
The Plus-Strand RNA Viruses of Plants 113
Origin and Evolution of Plus-Strand RNA Viruses 114
Viruses That Contain Double-Stranded RNA: Family Reoviridae 117
Further Reading 131
Chapter 4. Minus-Strand RNA Viruses 132
Introduction 132
Overview of the Minus-Strand RNA Viruses 132
Family Rhabdoviridae 135
Family Paramyxoviridae 141
Family Filoviridae 153
Family Bornaviridae 155
Family Orthomyxoviridae 156
Family Bunyaviridae 165
Family Arenaviridae 171
Evolution of Minus-Strand RNA Viruses 177
Further Reading 177
Chapter 5. Viruses Whose Life Cycle Uses Reverse Transcriptase 180
Introduction 180
Family Retroviridae 181
Family Hepadnaviridae 219
Further Reading 227
Chapter 6. DNA-Containing Viruses 230
Introduction 230
Family Poxviridae 232
Family Herpesviridae 243
Family Adenoviridae 261
Family Polyomaviridae 268
Family Papillomaviridae 274
Family Parvoviridae 279
TT Virus: A Newly Described Human Virus 285
Further Reading 285
Chapter 7. Subviral Agents 288
Introduction 288
Defective Interfering Viruses 288
Satellites and Satellite Viruses 292
Viroids and Virusoids 293
Hepatitis s 293
Prions and Prion Diseases 300
Further Reading 311
Chapter 8. Host Defenses against Viral Infection and Viral Counterdefenses 312
Introduction 312
Adaptive Immune System 312
Innate Immune System 332
Viral Counterdefenses 341
Interactions of Viruses with Their Hosts 354
Further Reading 355
Chapter 9. Gene Therapy 356
Introduction 356
Virus Vector Systems 356
Use of Viruses as Expression Vectors 366
Further Reading 374
Appendix A. References for Figures 376
Appendix B. References for Tables 382
Index 384