Damage and Fracture Mechanics (eBook)

Table of Contents 5
Acknowledgments 13
Editors’ Biographies 14
Prof. Taoufik Boukharouba 14
Dr. Mimoun Elboujdaïni 14
Prof. Guy Pluvinage 15
Foreword 16
Preamble 18
The Arabic Phase of the Mechanics 18
1. The playful mechanics 19
2. The civil engineering 20
3. Instruments to measure the time 21
4. The military engineering 23
References 24
Determination of the Hardness of the Oxide Layers of 2017A Alloys 25
Chahinez Fares1, Taoufik Boukharouba1, Mohamed El Amine Belouchrani2, Abdelmalek Britah3 and Moussa Naït Abdelaziz4 25
1. Introduction 25
2. Model for determining hardness 26
3. Experimental methods 28
4. Results and discussion 29
5. Conclusions 33
References 33
Effect of Non-Metallic Inclusions on Hydrogen Induced Cracking 35
Mimoun Elboujdaini and Winston Revie 35
1. Introduction 35
2. Experimental procedure 37
3. Results and discussion 37
4. Conclusions 41
References 41
Defect Assessment on Pipe Transporting a Mixture of Natural Gas and Hydrogen 43
1. Introduction 43
Guy Pluvinage 43
2. Determination of hydrogen concentration pipelines steels 44
3. Hydrogen embrittlement and brittle to ductile transition with hydrogen concentration 46
4. Determination of gaz pipe steel fracture toughness in presence of dentes 48
5. The use of a modified failure assessment diagram for notches and dentes 53
6. Conclusions 55
References 56
Reliability Analysis of Low Alloy Ferritic Piping Materials 57
A. Guedri1, 4, B. Merzoug2, Moe Khaleel3 and A. Zeghloul4 57
1. Introduction 57
2. Description of general model 59
3. Praise modifications to consider fatigue – crack initiation 59
4. Praise modifications for crack growth and linking of multiple cracks 60
5. Correlations between initiation and growth properties 61
6. Modification of fatigue crack growth relations for ferritic material 61
7. Example 62
8. Probability result 62
9. Conclusions 65
References 65
Experimental Characterization and Effect of the Triaxiality on the Behavior of the HDPE 67
K. Hachour1, R. Ferhoum1, M. Aberkane1, F. Zairi2 and M. Nait Abdelaziz2 67
1. Introduction 67
2. Experimental procedure 68
3. Experimental results 69
4. Conclusions 71
References 71
Effects of Aggressive Chemical Environments on Mechanical Behavior of Polyethylene Piping Material 73
Souheila Rehab-Bekkouche, Nadjette Kiass and Kamel Chaoui 73
1. Introduction 73
2. Experimental approach 74
3. Results and discussion 76
4. Conclusions 81
References 81
Hydrogen Embrittlement Enhanced by Plastic Deformation of Super Duplex Stainless Steel 82
A. Elhoud1, N. Renton2 and W. Deans2 82
1. Introduction 82
2. Experimental procedure 83
3. Experimental results 84
4. Discussion 88
5. Conclusions 90
References 90
Hydrogen Effect on Local Fracture Emanating from Notches in Pipeline Steels 91
Julien Capelle1, Igor Dmytrakh2, Joseph Gilgert1 and Guy Pluvinage1 91
1. Introduction 91
2. Object of study 92
3. Experimental procedure 92
4. Assessment of hydrogen concentration in pipeline steels under “SOFT” cathodic charging 96
5. Local strength of pipelines steels at notches in presence of hydrogen 100
6. Conclusions 102
References 103
Reliability Assessment of Underground Pipelines Under Active Corrosion Defects 105
A. Amirat1, A. Benmoussat2 and K. Chaoui1 105
1. Introduction 105
2. Mechanical model 106
3. Corrosion pipe inspection 108
4. Reliability model 108
5. Pipeline remaining life assessment 110
6. Conclusions 113
References 113
An Overview of the Applications of NDI/NDT in Engineering Design for Structural Integrity and Damage Tolerance in Aircraft Structures 115
1. Introduction 115
A.M. Abdel-Latif 115
2. Fatigue damage in aging aircraft 116
3. Fatigue design philosophies 116
4. Design principles 117
5. Role of NDT in structural integrity and fatigue management 120
6. Evolving DNT methods 120
6. Conclusions 121
References 122
Improvement in the Design of Automobile Upper Suspension Control Arms Using Aluminum Alloys 123
M. Bouazara 123
1. Introduction 123
2. Vehicle model 125
3. Optimization methods 129
4. Design of suspension control system 130
5. Conclusions 133
References 134
Performances of Vehicles’Active Suspensions 135
Nadhira Kheznadji Messaoud-Nacer 135
1. Introduction 135
2. Active suspension system of a quarter vehicle model 135
3. Half vehicle model of the active suspension system 139
4. Conclusions 142
References 142
Damaging Influence of Cutting Tools on the Manufactured Surfaces Quality 143
Idriss Amara, Embarek Ferkous and Fayçal Bentaleb 143
1. Introduction 143
2. Experimental study 144
3. Observations 149
5. Conclusions 151
References 152
Design and Test of a Sandwich T-Joint for Naval Ships 153
Lotfi Hamitouche1, Mostapha Tarfaoui1 and Alain Vautrin2 153
1. Introduction 153
2. Design of lightweight T-joint named DCNS_1, DCNS_2 and DCNS_3 155
3. Inspection of T-joint 156
4. Manufacturing of test specimens 157
5. Test specification 157
6. Results 159
7. Conclusions 161
References 162
Vibroacoustic Sources Identification of Gear Mechanism Transmission 164
Abbassia Derouiche1, Nacer Hamzaoui2 and Taoufik Boukharouba1 164
1. Introduction 164
2. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) 165
3. Experimental set up 167
4. Conclusions 172
References 172
Prediction of Structural and Dynamic Behaviors of Impacted Plates 174
Abdelhamid Miloudi and Mahmoud Neder 174
1. Introduction 174
2. Elastic modelling of impact 175
3. Numerical example and discussion 179
4. Conclusions 182
References 183
Application of Structural INTegrity Assessment Procedure to Nuclear Power Plant Component 184
Nenad Gubeljak and Jozef Predan 184
1. Introduction 184
2. SINTAP procedure 186
3. Determination of the carrying capacity of the T-joint of pipes 188
4. Conclusions 193
References 193
Failure Assessment Diagrams in Structural Integrity Analysis 194
Yu. G. Matvienko 194
1. Introduction 194
2. Failure assessment diagram for a solid with a crack 195
3. Notch failure assessment diagram 197
4. Structural integrity assessment of a notch-like defect 198
5. Acceptable surface longitudinal notch-like defects in a pressure vessel 201
6. Conclusions 202
References 203
Degradation and Failure of Some Polymers (Polyethylene and Polyamide) for Industrial Applications 204
Boubaker Bounamous and Kamel Chaoui 204
1. Introduction 204
2. Polyethylene pipe interactions 205
3. Polyethylene pipe testing 206
4. Wear measurements in polyamide gears 208
5. Failure mechanisms of polyethylene pipes 209
6. Brittle to ductile transition 210
7. Wear evolution on polyamide 66 212
8. Environmental stress cracking 214
9. Conclusions 215
References 215
On the Structural Integrity of the Nano-PVD Coatings Applied on Cutting Tools 216
Miroslav Piska, Ales Polzer, Petra Cihlarova and Dagmar Stankova 216
1. Introduction 216
2. Theory of the cutting tests 218
3. Experimental work, results 220
4. Results 221
5. Discussion 224
6. Conclusions 224
References 225
Investigation of Energy Balance in Nanocrystalline Titanium Under Cyclic Loading 226
O. Plekhov1, O. Naimark1, R. Valiev2 and I. Semenova2 226
1. Introduction 226
2. Material and experimental conditions 227
3. Experimental results 228
4. Discussion 230
References 232
Behavior of Stainless Steel 316L Under Impact Test 233
M. Benachour, A. Hadjoui and F.Z. Seriari 233
1. Introduction 233
2. Material and impact tests 234
3. Experimental results and discussions 235
Spall Fracture in ARMCO Iron: Structure Evolution and Spall Strength 239
Oleg Naimark, Sergey Uvarov and Vladimir Oborin 239
1. Collective modes in mesodefect ensembles 239
3. Conclusions 244
References 244
Damage Modelling of Impacted Tubular Structures by Using Material Property Degradation Approach 246
Mostapha Tarfaoui1, Papa Birame Gning1 and Francis Collombet2 246
1. Introduction 246
2. Materials, geometry and reference mark 247
3. Finite element analysis (FEA) 248
4. Impact without damage 248
5. Numerical study of the damage 250
6. Influence of damage on residual strength 252
7. Conclusions 253
References 254
Fracture Control for Northern Pipelines 255
W.R. Tyson 255
1. Introduction 255
2. Fracture Control 256
3. Summary 262
References 262
The Influence of the Interface on Fracture Parameters 263
L. Marsavina1, 263
1. Introduction 263
2. Singular stress field for an inclined crack terminating at a bi-material interface 265
3. The influence of bi-axial loading on the asymptotic stress field 268
4. Conclusions 271
References 272
Crack Propagation in the Vicinity of the Interface Between Two Elastic Materials 273
Luboš Náhlík, Lucie Šestáková and Pavel Hutar 273
1. Introduction 273
2. Stress field around the crack tip 274
3. Estimation of crack propagation direction 276
4. Numerical example 278
5. Discussion 279
6. Conclusions 280
References 281
Fracture Behaviour of TiAl Intermetalics 282
Ivo Dlouhý, Zdenek Chlup, Hynek Hadraba and Vladislav Kozák 282
1. Introduction 282
2. Material and experimental methods 283
3. Results 284
4. Discussion 287
5. Conclusions 290
References 290
Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Mixed Mode Fracture in Granite Using Four-Point-Bend Specimen 292
M.R.M. Aliha, M.R. Ayatollahi and B. Kharazi 292
1. Introduction 292
2. Four-point-bend specimen 293
3. Finite element modeling 294
4. Fracture experiments 295
5. Results and discussion 296
6. Conclusions 299
References 300
Experimental and Numerical Determination of Stress Intensity Factors of Crack in Plate with a Multiple Holes 301
S. Belamri1, T. Tamine2 and A. Nemdili3 301
1. Introduction 301
2. Experimental method 302
3. Method of resolution 304
4. Results 305
5. Conclusions 310
References 311
Dynamic Response of Cracked Plate Subjected to Impact Loading Using the Extended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) 312
R. Tiberkak1, M. Bachene2, B.K. Hachi3, S. Rechak4 and M. Haboussi5 312
1. Introduction 312
2. Mathematical model and X-FEM formulation 313
3. Contact force 316
4. Numerical applications 318
5. Conclusions 321
References 321
On Heterogeneity of Welded Joint by Modelling of Diffusion 322
L. Rehácková, J. Kalousek and J. Dobrovská 322
1. Introduction 322
2. Experimental part 323
3. Discussion 328
4. Conclusions 329
References 329
Correlation of Microstructure and Toughness of the Welded Joint of Pipeline Steel X65 330
Rrahim Maksuti1, Hamit Mehmeti1, Hartmut Baum2, Mursel Rama1 and Nexhat Çerkini3 330
1. Introduction 330
2. Experimental procedure 332
3. Results and discussion 333
References 337
Effect of the Residual Fatigue Damage on the Static and Toughness Properties 338
P. Cadenas1, A. Amrouche1, G. Mesmacque1 and K. Jozwiak2 338
1. Introduction 338
2. Experimental procedures 339
3. Experimental results 341
4. Discussions 344
5. Conclusions 345
References 345
Influence of Fatigue Damage in Dynamic Tensile Properties of AISI 4140T Steel 346
U. Sánchez-Santana1, C. Rubio-González1, G. Mesmacque2 and A. Amrouche2 346
1. Introduction 346
2. Experimental procedure 347
3. Results and Discussion 348
4. Conclusions 354
References 355
Low-Cycle Fatigue of Al–Mg Alloys 356
M. Bournane, M. Bouazara and L. St-Georges 356
1. Introduction 356
2. Experimental procedure 357
3. Results and discussion 359
4. Conclusions 361
References 362
Damage of Glulam Beams Under Cyclic Torsion: Experiments and Modelling 363
Myriam Chaplain1, Zahreddine Nafa2 and Mohamed Guenfoud2 363
1. Introduction 363
2. Experimental procedures and results 365
3. Modelling 367
4. Conclusions 369
References 370
Statistical Study of Temperature Effect on Fatigue Life of Thin Welded Plates 371
Abdelmadjid Merabtine1, Kamel Chaoui1 and Zitouni Azari2 371
1. Introduction 371
2. Experimental approach 373
3. Results and discussion 374
4. Statistical analysis 375
5. Conclusions 379
References 380
Residual Stress Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth of SENT Specimen 381
M. Benachour1, 2, M. Benguediab2 and A. Hadjoui1 381
1. Introduction 381
2. Generation of residual stress field and origin 382
4. Results and discussions 384
References 386
Analysis of Elliptical Cracks in Static and in Fatigue by Hybridization of Green’s Functions 388
B.K. Hachi1, S. Rechak2, M. Haboussi3, M. Taghite3, Y. Belkacemi2 and G. Maurice3 388
1. Introduction 388
2. Presentation of the hybridization technique 389
3. The hybrid method in fatigue 392
4. Numerical tests, results and discussions 393
5. Conclusions 397
References 397
Influence of Coating on Friction and Wear of Combustion Engine Piston Rings 399
Abdelkader Guermat1, Guy Monteil2 and Mostefa Bouchetara3 399
1. Introduction 399
2. Lubrication model 400
3. Importance of the selected parameters 400
4. Influence of coating 401
5. Experimental conditions 401
6. Results 402
7. Conclusions 406
References 406
Optimization Constrained of the Lifetime of the CBN 7020 During the Machining of Steel 100 Cr6 407
Slimane Benchiheb and Lakhdar Boulanouar 407
1. Introduction 407
2. Experimental procedure 409
3. Results and discussion 409
4. Conclusions 414
References 414
Comparison of Simulation Methods of Pulsed Ultrasonic Fields Radiated in Isotropic Solids 416
W. Djerir1, 2, T. Boutkedjirt2 and A. Badidi Bouda1 416
1. Introduction 416
2. Review of field calculation methods 416
3. Description and assumptions of the selected models 417
4. Results 420
5. Discussion and conclusions 423
References 423
Investigation of Ag Doping Effects on Na1.5Co2O4 Elastic Parameters 425
Ibrahim Al-Suraihy, Abdellaziz Doghmane and Zahia Hadjoub 425
1. Introduction 425
2. Materials and methodology 426
3. Results and discussions 429
4. Conclusions 433
References 433
The Dynamics of Compressible Herschel–Bulkley Fluids in Die-Swell Flows 435
F. Belblidia1, T. Haroon2 and M.F. Webster1 435
1. Introduction 435
2. Governing equations 436
3. Numerical discretisation 439
4. Numerical results and discussion 440
5. Conclusions 443
References 443
Numerical Simulation of the Behaviour of Cracks in Axisymmetric Structures by the Dual Boundary Element Method 445
N. Amoura1, H. Kebir2, S. Rechak3 and J.M. Roelandt2 445
1. Introduction 445
2. Standard and hypersingular boundary integral equations for axisymmetric elastic solid 446
3. The dual boundary element method 447
4. Numerical treatments 448
5. Numerical applications 449
6. Conclusions 452
References 452
Numerical Evaluation of Energy Release Rate for Several Crack Orientation and Position to the Bi-Material Interface Plates 454
N. Kazi Tani1, T. Tamine1 and G. Pluvinage2 454
1. Introduction 454
2. Basic formula 455
3. Numerical simulations of cracks in bimaterial plates 458
4. Conclusions 462
References 463
Numerical Simulation of the Ductile Fracture Growth Using the Boundary Element Method 464
Gaëtan Hello1, Hocine Kebir1 and Laurent Chambon2 464
1. Introduction 464
2. Context and objectives 465
3. Solving elastoplastic problems in cracked structures 465
4. Numerical simulation of the ductile fracture 468
5. Conclusions 469
References 470
Enriched Finite Element for Modal Analysis of Cracked Plates 471
M. Bachene1, R. Tiberkak2, S. Rechak3, G. Maurice4 and B.K. Hachi5 471
1. Introduction 471
2. X-FEM formulation 472
3. Elements of stiffness and mass matrices 473
4. Numerical studies and results 475
5. Conclusions 478
References 479
A New Generation of 3D Composite Materials: Advantage and Disadvantage 480
Z. Aboura1, K. Khellil1, M.L. Benzeggagh1, A. Bouden2 and R. Ayad3 480
1. Introduction 480
2. Materials presentation 481
3. Mode I interlaminar fracture of stitched textile composite materials 482
4. Analysis of post-impact bending behavior 484
5. Conclusions 489
References 490
Benefit from Embedded Sensors to Study Polymeric Composite Structures 491
Francis Collombet1, Matthieu Mulle1, Hilario-Hernandez Moreno1, 2, Redouane Zitoune1, Bernard Douchin1 and Yves-Henri Grunevald3 491
1. Introduction 491
2. Preliminary issues 492
3. Process monitoring 494
4. Property identifications 499
5. Conclusions 501
References 502
Effect of Temperature and Initiator on Glass Fibre/Unsaturated Polyester Composite: Cross-linking, Mechanical Properties 503
Nabila Belloul1, Ali Ahmed-Benyahia2, Aicha Serier1 and Nourdine Ouali2 503
1. Introduction 503
2. Experimental 504
3. Results and discussion 506
4. Conclusions 510
References 510
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Plane Strain Compression of Amorphous Polymers in the form of a Flat Plate 511
Nourdine Ouali, Krimo Azouaoui, Ali Ahmed Benyahia and Taoufik Boukharouba 511
1. Introduction 511
2. Plane strain compression test and material 512
3. Theoretical considerations 512
4. Results and discussion 515
5. Conclusions 518
References 518
Wavelet-Based Multifractal Identification of Fracture Stages 519
Djedjiga Ait Aouit and Abdeldjalil Ouahabi 519
1. Introduction 519
2. Materials and methods 520
3. Conclusions 527
References 528
Characterization of Mixed Mode Delamination Growth and Thresholds 529
M. Kenane1 and M.L. Benzeggagh2 529
1. Introduction 529
2. Experimental procedure 530
3. Results 532
4. Conclusions 535
References 535
Modification of Cellulose for an Application in the Waste Water Treatment 537
Lamia Timhadjelt, Aicha Serier, Karima Boumerdassi, Mohamed Serier and Zoubir Aîssani 537
1. Introduction 537
2. Material and methods 538
3. Results and discussions 539
4. Conclusions 544
References 544
A Full 3D Simulation of Plastic Forming Using a Heuristic Generalised Contact Algorithm 545
Tewfik Ghomari1, Rezak Ayad2 and Nabil Talbi3 545
1. Introduction 545
2. Basis 8 node hexahedral element in total lagrangian formulation (FLT) 547
3. Tangent matrix 551
4. Discretization 553
References 558
A Novel Approach for Bone Remodeling After Prosthetic Implantation 559
Habiba Bougherara1, Václav Klika2, František Maršík3, Ivo A. Marík4 and L’Hocine Yahia5 559
1. Introduction 559
2. Materials and methods 561
3. Results and discussion 566
4. Conclusions 570
References 570
Hybrid Composite-Metal Hip Resurfacing Implant for Active Patient 572
Habiba Bougherara1, Marcello Papini1, Michael Olsenb2, Radovan Zdero2, Paul Zalzal3 and Emil H. Schemitsch2, 572
1. Introduction 572
2. Material and methods 573
3. Results 575
4. Discussion 576
5. Conclusions 577
References 577
Anisotropic and Unilateral Damage Application to Concrete 578
O. Bélaidi Chabane Chaouche1, N.E. Hannachi1 and Y. Labadi2 578
1. Introduction 578
2. The damage model 579
3. Damage evolution laws 582
4. Numerical results 583
5. Conclusions 585
References 586
The Behaviour of Self-Compacting Concrete Subjected to an External Sulphate Attack 588
Riçal Khelifa1, 2, Xavier Brunetaud1, Hocine Chabil2 and Muzahim Al-Mukhtar1 588
1. Introduction 588
2. Experimental programs 589
3. Experimental results 590
4. Discussions and conclusions 593
References 594
Mixed Finite Element for Cracked Interface 596
S. Bouziane1, H. Bouzerd1 and M. Guenfoud2 596
1. Introduction 596
2. Formulation of the interface element 597
3. Virtual crack extension method 600
4. Numerical examples 600
5. Conclusions 604
References 604
Three-Dimensional T-Stress to Predict the Directional Stability of Crack Propagation in a Pipeline with External Surface Crack 606
M. Hadj Meliani1, 4, H. Moustabchir4, A. Ghoul2, S. Harriri3 and Z. Azari4 606
1. Introduction 606
2. Bibliography reviews 607
3. Experimental tests 609
4. Finite element analysis 611
5. Results and discussions 612
6. Conclusions 614
References 615